Ancient languages Ancient languages Aequian is an extinct language that was part of the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, closely related to Umbrian. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aequian language"
Akkadian (lišānum akkadītum) was a Semitic language (part of the greater Afro-Asiatic language family) spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly by the Assyrians and Babylonians. It used the cuneiform writing system derived ultimately from ancient Sumerian, an unrelated, non-Semitic language. The name of the language is derived from the city of Akkad, a major center of Mesopotamian civiliazation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Akkadian language"
The Anatolian languages are a group of extinct languages, either Indo-European or (in some classifications) closely related to Indo-European, which were spoken in Asia Minor, including Hittite. Other Anatolian languages include Luwian (the language of the script commonly called " Hieroglyphic Hittite") and Palaic. Lydian, Lycian, Pisidian, Sidetic, and Carian are later Anatolian languages that are known from a number of inscriptions; no extended texts survive in them. Other possible Anatolian languages include Mysian, Cappadocian, and Paphlagonian. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anatolian languages"
Ancient Greek refers to the stage in the history of the Greek language corresponding to Classical Antiquity, which normally applies to two periods of Greek history: Archaic and Classical Greece. The Ancient era of Greek history normally includes also the Hellenistic (post-Classic) age; however, that period formally composes its own stage in the Greek Language known as Hellenistic Greek. For information on the Greek language prior to the creation of the Greek alphabet, see articles Mycenaean Greek and Proto-Greek. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ancient Greek"
The Ancient Macedonian language (provisional ISO-DIS 639-3.5 XMK) was the tongue of the ancient Macedonians. It was spoken especially in the inland regions of Macedon, away from the coast, during the 1st millennium BC, surviving into the early centuries of the Common Era. It is as yet undetermined whether the language was a separate yet sibling language which was most closely related to Greek, a dialect of Greek or an independent Indo-European language not especially close to Greek. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ancient Macedonian language"
Aquitanian language was spoken in ancient Aquitaine (approximately between the Pyrenees and the Garonne), region later known as Gascony before the Roman conquest and, probably much later until the Upper Middle Ages. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aquitanian language"
It is generally accepted that Aramaic was the mother tongue of Jesus. This article explores the use of Aramaic in the New Testament, as attributed to Jesus and others. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aramaic of Jesus"
Biblical Aramaic is the form of the Aramaic language that is used in the books of Daniel, Ezra and a few other places in the Hebrew Bible. See the article on the Aramaic of Jesus for the use of the Aramaic language in the New Testament. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biblical Aramaic"
Biblical or Classical Hebrew is the ancient form of the Hebrew language, in which the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh) was written, and which the ancient Israelites spoke. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biblical Hebrew language"
Camunic is an extinct language once spoken by the Camunni tribe that dwelt in the Val Camonica, Brescia, Italy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Camunic language"
The Carian language was the language of the Carians. It was an Anatolian language, apparently closer to Lydian than to Lycian. It is attested by a number of proper names (Sangodos, Kaphenos, Truoles, Nastes, Nomion, Mausolos, etc.) and a small corpus of inscriptions, from which some Carian words have been identified (see some examples below). ...more on Wikipedia about "Carian language"
The Cippus Perusinus or Cippus of Perugia is a stone tablet discovered near Perugia, Italy, in 1822. The tablet bears 46 lines of Etruscan text exquisitely carved into it. Surprisingly well-preserved , the cippus is often assumed to be a text dedicating a legal contract between two Etruscan families; however there is severe doubt about the validity of such a translation when these translated values are carefully cross-referenced with the same words found in other Etruscan texts. Rather, an alternative and more likely view is that this is simply a tombstone for the deceased. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cippus perusinus"
The Coptic language is the last phase of the Egyptian languages, and is the direct descendant of the ancient Egyptian language written in the hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts. The Coptic alphabet is written in a slightly modified form of the Greek alphabet, with some letters (which vary from dialect to dialect) deriving directly from demotic. As a living language of daily conversation, Coptic flourished from circa AD 200 to 1100. It survives today as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coptic language"
The Dacian language was an Indo-European language spoken by the ancient people of Dacia. It is often considered to have been on the same Indo-European branch as the Thracian language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dacian language"
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Demotic refers to both the ancient Egyptian script derived from northern forms of hieratic used in the Delta, as well as the stage of the Egyptian language following Late Egyptian and preceding Coptic. By convention, the word "Demotic" is captialized in order to distinguish it from Demotic Greek. It should be noted that "Demotic Egyptian" is an artificial term used only on Wikipedia for purposes of clarity; it is not a term used by Demotists or Egyptologists, who refer only to "Demotic." ...more on Wikipedia about "Demotic Egyptian"
Eblaite is an extinct East Semitic language which was spoken in the 3rd millennium BC in the ancient city Ebla, in modern Syria. It is considered to be the oldest written Semitic language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eblaite language"
The Edomite language is the extinct Hebrew Canaanite language of the Edomites in southwestern Jordan in the first millennium BC. It is known only from a very small corpus. In early times, it seems to have been probably written with a Canaanite alphabet; like Moabite, it retained feminine -t. However, in the 6th century BC, it adopted the Aramaic alphabet, and specifically Arabic elements such as whb "gave" (in names) and tgr "merchant" began showing up in texts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Edomite language"
Regarding morphology, Egyptian uses the so-called status constructus construction to combine two or more nouns, more or less like any Semitic language. With this construction, the first noun is sometimes changed - e.g. final -h in feminine nouns becomes -t. Example: mlkt shba "The Queen of Saba", the original form of mlkt being mlkh. The early stages of Egyptian possessed no articles, no words for "the" or "a"; later forms used the words /p3/, /t3/ and /n3/ for this purpose (where 3 represents a glottal stop.) Egyptian uses two grammatical genders, masculine and feminine, similarly to Romance languages and Irish Gaelic; it also uses three grammatical numbers: like many other Afro-Asiatic languages, it contrasts singular, dual and plural forms. When saying something like "the man is red", the word "red" (dSrt in Egyptian) acts as a predicative verb. ...more on Wikipedia about "Egyptian language"
Elamite is an extinct language, which was spoken by the ancient Elamites. Elamite was an official language of the Persian Empire from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE. The last written records in Elamite appear about the time of the conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander the Great. ...more on Wikipedia about "Elamite language"
The Minoan language is a non- Hellenic language of Crete that was spoken before the invasion of Mycenaean armies. It was written in Linear A, a syllabary used extensively up to 1420 BCE, primarily for the purposes of religious inscriptions and administrative records. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eteocretan language"
Etruscan was a language spoken and written in the ancient region of Etruria (current Tuscany) and in parts of what are now Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls), in Italy. However, Latin superseded Etruscan completely, leaving only a few documents and a few loanwords in Latin (e.g., persona from Etruscan phersu), and some place-names, like Parma. ...more on Wikipedia about "Etruscan language"
Gaulish is the name given to the Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul before the Vulgar Latin of the late Roman Empire became dominant in Roman Gaul. The language is known from several hundred inscriptions on stone, on ceramic vessels and other artefacts, and on coins, and occasionally on metal ( lead, and on one occasion zinc). They are found in the entire area of Roman Gaul, i.e., mostly in the area of modern France, as well as parts of Switzerland, Italy, Germany and Belgium (Meid 1994). ...more on Wikipedia about "Gaulish language"
Hattic was a non- Indo-European language spoken in Asia Minor between the 3rd and the 2nd millennia BC, before the appearance of the Hittites. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hattic language"
The Hittite language is the dead language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who once created an empire centered on ancient Hattusa (modern Boğazköy) in north-central Anatolia (modern Turkey). The language was used from approximately 1600 BC (and probably before) to 1100 BC. There is some attestation that Hittite and related languages were still spoken for a few hundred years after that. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hittite language"
Hurrian is a conventional name for the language of the Hurrians, a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC and had mostly vanished by 1000 BC. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hurrian language"
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