Ancient peoples of China

The Bandun Man were a ancient people living along the Jialing River valley, in the area of modern Langzhong in Sichuan, China. Their name, literally meaning "board shield barbarians", is derived from their fighting style of charging with shields to break the enemy line. They were also called the Bohu Yi (白虎夷), meaning the "white tiger barbarians". ...more on Wikipedia about "Bandun Man"

Buyeo ( Hangul: 부여) or Fuyu ( Chinese: 夫餘; Pinyin: Fūyú) was an ancient ethnic group and its kingdom in northern Manchuria, from about the 2nd century BC to 494. They claimed the inheritance of Gojoseon, and the rulers continued to use the Gojoseon titles of Tanje, meaning "emperor." Its remnants were absorbed by Goguryeo in 494, and both Goguryeo and Baekje, two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, considered themselves successors of Buyeo. ...more on Wikipedia about "Buyeo (state)"

The Di (氐) were an ethnic group in China. They lived in areas of neighboring borders of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Shaanxi, from the 8th century B.C. to the middle of 6th century (approximately). ...more on Wikipedia about "Di (ethnic group)"

The Dian Kingdom was established by the Dian people, who lived around Lake Dian in eastern Yunnan, China from the late Spring and Autumn Period until the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Dian were first mentioned historically in Sima Qian's Shiji; some Chinese sources identified Chu general Zhuang Qiao as the founder of the Dian Kingdom. The Dian were subjugated by the Han Dynasty under the reign of Emperor Wu of Han in 109 BC. The Han Dynasty incorporated the territory of the Dian Kingdom into the Yizhou Commandery, but left the King of Dian as the local ruler. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dian Kingdom"

Any non clear-cut connection is denoted by a question mark (?) beside the equivalences. As many ethnic groups have appeared in history, this table is certainly not complete. The purpose of this page is to stimulate conversation and constructive arguments on connecting Eastern and Western knowledge of those ethnic groups. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethnic groups in Chinese history"

(Gokturks) The Göktürks or Kök-Türks (Gök-Turks or Kök-Turks, with the meaning "Celestial Turks"), known as Tujue (突厥 tu2 jue2) in medieval Chinese sources, established the first known Turkic state around 552, after the Huns, under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (d. 552) and his sons, and expanded rapidly to rule wide territories in Central Asia. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gokturks"

(Huaguo) Húagúo(py) or 滑国; is the name of a country mentioned in the Liang chih-kung-t'u (梁职贡图) from Henan ...more on Wikipedia about "Huaguo"

The Hunas, (or Alchon but inaccurately Indo-Hephthalites), as they were known in India, seem to have been part of the Hephthalites group, who established themselves in Afghanistan by the first half of the fifth century, with their capital at Bamiyan. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hunas"

The Jianzhou Jurchens were a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty. They were the southernmost group of the Jurchen people (the other being the Wild Jurchens and Haixi Jurchens) in the fourteenth century, inhabiting modern Jilin province in China. ...more on Wikipedia about "Jianzhou Jurchens"

The Jie ( Chinese: 羯, pinyin: Jié, Wade-Giles: Chieh; Cantonese Kit3; the literal meaning is wethers or castrated male sheep.) were a member tribe of the Xiongnu confederation during the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. ...more on Wikipedia about "Jie (ethnic group)"

The Jurchens ( Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungus people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus. They established the Jin Dynasty (aisin gurun in Jurchen/Manchu) between 1115 and 1122; it lasted until 1234. ...more on Wikipedia about "Jurchens"

The Kara-Khitan Khanate ( Simplified Chinese: 西辽; Traditional Chinese: 西遼; pinyin: Xī Liaó) ( 1124 or 1125- 1218), also known as Western Liao was established by Yelü Dashi (耶律大石) who led around 100,000 Khitan remnants after escaping Jurchen conquest of their native country, the Khitan dynasty (also known as Liao Dynasty). ...more on Wikipedia about "Kara-Khitan Khanate"

The Khitan, in Chinese Qidan (契丹 Pinyin: Qìdān), were an ethnic group which dominated much of Manchuria and was classified in Chinese history as one of the Tungus ethnic groups (東胡族 dōng hú zú). They established the Liao dynasty in 907, which was then conquered in 1125 by the Jin dynasty of the Jurchen. There is no clear evidence of any descendant ethnic groups of the Khitan in modern-day Northeast China. Although a number of the nobility of the Liao dynasty escaped the area westwards towards Turkestan, establishing the short-lived Kara-Khitan or Western Liao dynasty, they were in turn absorbed by the local Turkish and Iranic populations and left no influence of themselves. As the Khitan language is still almost completely illegible, it is difficult to create a detailed history of their movements. ...more on Wikipedia about "Khitan"

Kucha (Modern Chinese Simplified: 库车, Traditional: 庫車, pinyin Kùchē, also romanized Chiu-tzu, Kiu-che, Kuei-tzu. Ancient Chinese 屈支屈茨; 龜弦; 丘玆, also Po (bai in pinyin?); ). The population was given as 74,632 in 1990. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kucha" The Ultimate www.shortopedia.com Machine.

(Malgal) The Mohe were a Tungusic people in ancient Manchuria. They are sometimes considered the ancestors of modern-day Manchus. According to some records, they originally dwelt near the Liao River and later migrated southward. According to Chinese records, they were governed by the Buyeo kingdom, but broke free during the Chinese Three Kingdoms period. They subsequently became an autonomous state. They were involved in the early history of the Three Kingdoms period of Korea. The records of Baekje and Silla during the 1st century and 2nd century AD include numerous battles against the Mohe. ...more on Wikipedia about "Malgal"

The Qiang people (羌族; Pinyin: qiāng zú) are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, with a population of approximately 200,000 living in northwestern Sichuan province. Nowadays, the Qiang are only a small segment of the population, but they are commonly believed to be an old, once strong and populous people whose history can be traced to the Shang Dynasty and whose offspring include the Tibetans and many minorities in southwestern China. ...more on Wikipedia about "Qiang"

Juan Juan ( wg), Ruǎnruǎn (蠕蠕 lit. meaning "Wriggling insects"), Rú Rú (茹茹 lit. meaning "Fodder") or Róurán (柔然) was the name of a confederation of nomadic tribes on the northern borders of China proper from late 4th century until late 6th century. Because one of their member tribes, the Hua (who they placed, at the head of the Uighurs in 460), later appeared in Europe as the Eurasian Avars, the gross oversimplification that they were synonymous with the Avars has become widespread. . The term Rouran (柔然) is a Chinese language transciption of the pronunciation of the name the confederacy used to refer to itself. Some scholars claim that the Korean pronunciation Yuyon is a more archaic form and hence closer to the original pronunciation. Ruan Ruan and Ru Ru remained in modern usage despite once being derogatory. They derived from orders given by the non- Han Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei who waged war against the Rouran and intended to intimidate the confederacy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rouran"

Dai ( Chinese character: 代, pinyin: Dài) was a state of the Tuoba clan of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. Its descendants established the Northern Wei Dynasty in the 4th century. Its capital was Shengle (盛樂) (near modern Helingeer county (和林格爾) of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia). It would be conquered by the Former Qin in 376. ...more on Wikipedia about "State of Dai"

Sushen ( ) was an ancient ethnic group or something outside China. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sushen"

The Ta-Yuan (大宛, pinyin: dàwǎn, Dayuan or Dawan, lit. “Great Yuan”) were a people of Ferghana in Central Asia, described in the Chinese historical works of Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Han, which follow the travels of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian in 130 BCE and the numerous embassies that followed him into Central Asia thereafter. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ta-Yuan"

Tabgach was a central Asian name for China, derived from Tuoba (拓跋), a powerful Xianbei tribe. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tabgach"

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The Tangut, also known as the Western Xia were a Qiangic- Tibetan people who moved to the highlands of western Sichuan sometime before the 10th century AD. They spoke Tangut language a now-extinct Qiangic language ( Tibeto-Burman). ...more on Wikipedia about "Tangut"

The Tocharians were the easternmost speakers of an Indo-European language in antiquity, inhabiting the Tarim basin in what is now Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, northwestern People's Republic of China. Their unique culture spanned from the 1st millennium BCE to the end of the 1st millennium CE. Their language is called Tocharian. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tocharians"

Tuoba (拓拔 pinyin Tuòbá) or T'o-pa in Wade-Giles was a clan of the Xianbei people. Some scholars regard them as a proto- Turkic ethnic group. They established the Northern Wei Dynasty. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tuoba"

The Tuyuhun (Chinese: 吐谷渾) were a nomadic tribe of East Asia who flourished in the 4th-7th centuries, thought to be related to the Xianbei. It was named after its founder Murong Tuyuhun (慕容吐谷渾), who claimed to be an older brother of Former Yan's ancestor Murong Hui. Their empire was known as A-zha in Tibetan and Henanguo 河南國 by the Chinese. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tuyuhun"

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