Applied genetics Applied genetics Adeno associated virus is a virus associated with Adenovirus. Note that it is not an adenovirus. It is commonly called AAV. It cannot replicate on its own, it requires a cell to be co-infected with Adenovirus in order to replicate. In the absence of co-infection with Adenovirus, the AAV goes into a latent phase. It then incorporates its DNA into genome of host cell into a specific site on 19th chromosome. This latent phase makes AAV attractive for gene therapy applications as a gene of interest in AAV can persist in the host cell genome for a long period. AAV is a small parvovirus, its wildtype genome is 4.7kb. The upper limit for its use in gene therapy applications is about 4.4kb. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adeno-associated virus"
The Ames test is a biological assay used in genetics, generally genetic toxicology, to test for mutagenic properties of a chemical compound. A compound is said to be mutagenic if it causes a change in the DNA (deoxyriboneucleic acid) of a living cell or organism. The test is named after its inventor, Bruce Ames. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ames test"
An ancestry-informative marker (AIM) is a gene, generally of humans, which have several polymorphisms that exhibit substantially different frequencies between races. For example, the Duffy Null allele (FY*0) has a frequency of almost 100% of Sub-Saharan Africans, but occurs very infrequently in other races. A person having this gene is thus very likely to have some African ancestors. By using a number of AIMs one can estimate the ancestral (racial) proportion of an individual, as well as confidence intervals of the estimates. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ancestry-informative marker"
Antisense therapy is a theoretical form of treatment for genetic disorders. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antisense therapy"
A biological patent is a patent relating to an invention in biology. Whether or not patents can be validly obtained for certain parts of the DNA of an organism depends of the patent law. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biological patent"
Conservation genetics is a science that aims to apply genetic methods to deal with the maintenance, loss, and restoration of biodiversity. Researchers involved in conservation genetics come from a variety of fields including population genetics, molecular ecology and biology, evolutionary biology, and systematics. A short list of studies a conservation geneticist may research include: ...more on Wikipedia about "Conservation genetics"
Eugenics is a social philosophy which advocates the improvement of human hereditary traits through social intervention. The goals have variously been to create more intelligent people, save society resources, lessen human suffering and reduce health problems. Proposed means of achieving these goals most commonly include birth control, selective breeding, and genetic engineering. Critics argue eugenics is a pseudoscience, that it has a potential for "objectifying" human characteristics, and that historically it has been a means whereby social thinking culminated in coercive state-sponsored discrimination and human rights violations, even genocide. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eugenics" This article is made on http://www.shortopedia.com Applied_genetics
In medicine, a family history consists of information about disorders that a patient's direct blood relatives have suffered from. Genealogy typically includes very little of the medical history of the family, but the medical history could be considered a specific subset of the total history of a family. ...more on Wikipedia about "Family history (medicine)"
Gene doping is defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency as "the non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements, or of the modulation of gene expression, having the capacity to improve athletic performance." ** A complex ethical and philosophical issue develops on what exactly defines "gene doping", especially in the context of transhumanism and human evolution. Transhumanists ...more on Wikipedia about "Gene doping"
Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary diseases in particular. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gene therapy"
Genetic counseling is the process by which patients or relatives at risk of an inherited disorder are advised of the consequences and nature of the disorder, the probability of developing or transmitting it, and the options open to them in management and family planning in order to prevent, avoid or ameliorate it. This complex process can be seen from diagnostic (the actual estimation of risk) and supportive aspects. Since expert and private handling of genetic recurrence information is essential, practitioners must be certified by the American Board of Genetic Counseling. Those seeking a Genetic Counselor can search their local area using the National Society of Genetic Counselors website. ...more on Wikipedia about "Genetic counseling"
Genetic fingerprinting, DNA testing, DNA typing, and DNA profiling are techniques used to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. Its invention by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester was announced in 1985. ...more on Wikipedia about "Genetic fingerprinting"
Genetic testing allows the genetic diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases, and can also be used to determine a person's ancestry. Every person carries two copies of every gene, one inherited from their mother, one inherited from their father. The human genome is believed to contain about 25,000 genes. In addition to studying chromosomes to the level of individual genes, genetic testing in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the presence or absence of key proteins that signal aberrant genes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Genetic testing"
A paternity test is conducted to prove paternity, that is, whether a man is the biological father of another individual. This may be relevant in view of rights and duties of the father. Similarly, a maternity test can be carried out. This is less common, because at least during childbirth, except in the case of a pregnancy involving embryo transfer or egg donation, it is obvious who the mother is. ...more on Wikipedia about "Paternity testing"
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Pharming is a merger of " farming" and " pharmaceutical" and refers to the use of genetic engineering to insert genes that code for useful pharmaceuticals into host animals or plants that would not otherwise express those genes. As a consequence, the host animals or plants then make the pharmaceutical product in large quantity, which can then be purified and used as a drug product. Some drug products and nutrients may be able to be delivered directly by eating the plant or drinking the milk. For example Golden rice has been developed which contains Beta-carotene. Another potential product would be milk that already has vitamin D in it. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pharming (genetics)"
An STR multiplex system is used to quickly identify specific short tandem repeats. STR polymorphisms are genetic markers that may be used to geneticially identify a DNA sequence. The FBI uses 13 specific STR loci in their database. ...more on Wikipedia about "STR multiplex systems"
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