Archaeological artefact types

The tool known as the adze [pronounced adds] serves for smoothing rough-cut wood in hand woodworking. Generally, the user stands astride a board or log and swings the adze downwards towards their feet, chipping off a piece of wood, and walking backwards as they go, leaving a relatively smooth surface behind. However, in general usage, the adze can be used for other cutting operations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adze"

Archaeologists use the term antler sleeve to refer to a short section of deer antler used by prehistoric people in attaching stone axes to wooden handles. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antler sleeve"

An arrow is a pointed projectile that is shot with a bow. It predates recorded history and is common to most cultures. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arrow"

The atlatl (pronounced ät-lät-ŭl), or "spear thrower", is a tool that uses leverage to achieve greater velocity in spear-throwing, and includes a bearing surface which allows the user to temporarily store elastic energy during the throw. It consists of a shaft with a hook, in which the butt of the spear rests. It is held near the end farthest from the cup, and the spear is thrown by the action of the upper arm and wrist. A well-made atlatl can readily achieve ranges of greater than 100 meters. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atlatl"

The axe (or ax) is an ancient and ubiquitous tool that has been used for millennia to shape, split and cut wood, harvest timber, as a weapon and a ceremonial or heraldic symbol. The axe has many forms and specialized uses but generally consists of an axe head with a handle, or helve. ...more on Wikipedia about "Axe"

A bâton de commandement or bâton percé is a name given by archaeologists to a particular prehistoric artefact of uncertain function. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bâton de commandement"

A beaker is a small ceramic or metal drinking vessel shaped to be held in the hands. Archaeologists identify several different types including the Butt beaker, the Claw beaker and the Rough-cast beaker, however when used alone the term usually refers to the pottery cups associated with the European Beaker culture of the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age. ...more on Wikipedia about "Beaker (archaeology)"

A bi ( Wade-Giles pi) is a form of jade artifact from ancient China. The earliest bi were produced in the Neolithic period, particularly by the Liangzhu culture ( 3400- 2250 BC). Later examples date mainly from the Shang, Zhou and Han dynasties. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bi (jade)"

In archaeology a blade refers to a thin, straight stone tool that has been struck as a flake from a larger prepared core. Blades are usually made from flint but other materials such as chert are used as the technology existed all over the world and developed from local materials. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blade (archaeology)"

In archaeology, a blank is a thick, shaped stone biface of suitable size and configuration for refining into a stone tool. Blanks are the beginning products of lithic reduction, and during prehistoric times were often created for trade or later refinement at another location. Blanks were often formed through the initial reduction of lumps of tool stone at simple quarries, often no more than easily accessible outcroppings of the local tool stone (although this was certainly not the case at Grimes Graves in England). Sometimes the shape of the blank hints at the shape of the final tool it will become, but this is not always the case. A blank may consist of either a large, unmodified flake or a reduced core, often with a rough subtriangular or lanceolate shape. Rough chopping tools, derived by removing a few flakes along one edge of the cobble, can also be considered to fall into this group. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blank (archeology)"

Bone tools Use of bone in the production of tools has been documented from the advent of Homo Sapiens and is also known from Homo Neanderthalis contexts. Bone is a ubiquitous material in hunter gatherer societies even when other tool materials were scarce or unavailable. Any portion of animal or fish skeletons could potentialy be utilized, however antlers and longbones provide some of the best working material. Longbone fragments can be shaped by scraping against an abrasive stone into such items as arrow and spear points, needles, awls, and fish hooks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bone tools"

Bout-coupé is a term used by archaeologists to describe a type of handaxe that constituted part of the Mousterian industry of the Middle Palaeolithic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bout-coupé"

Briquetage is the name for a coarse ceramic material used to make evaporation vessels and supporting pillars used in extracting salt from seawater. Thick-walled saltpans were filled with saltwater and heated from below until the water had boiled away and salt was left behind. Often, the bulk of the water would be allowed to evaporate in salterns before the concentrated brine was transferred to a smaller briquetage vessel for final reduction. Once only salt was left, the briquetage vessels would have to be broken to remove the valuable commodity for trade. ...more on Wikipedia about "Briquetage"

In lithic reduction, a burin is a special type of lithic flake with a chisel-like edge which may have been used for engraving or carving wood or bone. Burins exhibit a feature called a burin spall, in which a small flake is struck obliquely from the edge of the burin flake in order to form the graving edge. Burin usage is diagnostic of Upper Palaeolithic cultures in Europe, but has also been identified in North American cultural assemblages. ...more on Wikipedia about "Burin"

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The carp's tongue sword is the name given by modern archaeologists to a type of bronze sword that was common to western Europe during the 8th century BC. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carp's tongue sword"

Celt (pron. 'selt') is an archaeological term formally used to describe long thin prehistoric stone or bronze adzes and other axe-like tools and hoes. Its use came about from a misreading of Job 19:24 in the Sixto-Clementine edition of the Latin Vulgate Bible where the certe in Stylo ferreo, et plumbi lamina, vel certe sculpantur in silice was read as celte. A 'Celte' was wrongly assumed to be a type of ancient chisel when in fact is was a mistranslation of "indeed." During the late 11th century, the word appeared with this interpretation in scholarly medieval Latin. Eighteenth century antiquarians then adopted the word for the stone and bronze tools they were finding at prehistoric sites. ...more on Wikipedia about "Celt (tool)"

Chariot was the name of a WW2 naval weapon, the British manned torpedo. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chariot"

Archaeologists define a chopper as a pebble tool with an irregular cutting edge formed through the removal of flakes from one side of a stone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chopper (archaeology)"

In archaeology, a chopping tool is a form of prehistoric stone tool, considered to be a refinement of the earlier chopper. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chopping tool"

A Claw beaker is a name given by archaeologists to a type of drinking vessel often found as a grave good in 6th and 7th century AD Frankish and Anglo-Saxon burials. ...more on Wikipedia about "Claw beaker"

In archaeology, a cleaver is a name given to a type of biface stone tool of the Lower Palaeolithic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cleaver (tool)"

Clovis points are the oldest flint tools associated with the North American Clovis culture. They date to the Paleo-Indian period around 13,500 years ago. They are named after the town of Clovis, New Mexico, where the first examples were found in 1932. However, many have been found within the remains of ice age animals. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clovis point"

A cong ( Wade-Giles ts'ung) is a form of jade artifact from ancient China. The earliest cong were produced by the Liangzhu culture ( 3400- 2250 BC); later examples date mainly from the Shang and Zhou dynasties. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cong (jade)"

In archeology, a denticulate tool is a stone tool that displays one or more edges that are worked into multiply notched shapes, much like the toothed edge of a saw. Indeed, these tools might have been used as saws, more likely for meat processing than for wood. It is possible, however, that some or all of these notches were used for smoothing wooden shafts or for similar purposes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Denticulate tool"

A ficron handaxe is a name given to a type of prehistoric stone tool biface with long, curved sides and a pointed, well-made tip. They are found in Middle Paleaolithic and Acheulean contexts. The name was created by the famous French archaeologist Françcois Bordes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ficron"

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