Archaeological sub-disciplines

Aerial archaeology is the study of archaeological remains by examining them from altitude. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aerial archaeology"

Alternative Egyptology is a broad set of alternative theories that are evolving into an alternative explanation of certain aspects of Ancient Egypt. Alternative Egyptology theorists are becoming a cohesive group. Alternative Egyptology itself does not represent a single cohesive view. Alternative Egyptology is a branch of historical revisionism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alternative Egyptology"

Archaeoastronomy (also spelled Archeoastronomy) is the study of astronomy in its cultural context, drawing on archaeological and anthropological evidence. One aspect of it employs astronomical examination of archaeological sites to gain insights into the roles of astronomy in past cultures. A second aspect (sometimes known by the term ethnoastronomy) examines anthropological and ethnohistorical evidence for the astronomical practices of more modern, historical cultures. A third aspect of archaeoastronomy focuses on the concerns of astronomers, using the historical record of early astronomical observations to study past astronomical events. It also may involve the use of astronomical knowledge and extrapolation to further our understanding of the historical record. ...more on Wikipedia about "Archaeoastronomy"

Archaeogenetics, a term coined by Colin Renfrew, refers to the application of the techniques of molecular genetics to the study of the human past. This can involve: ...more on Wikipedia about "Archaeogenetics"

Archaeological science (also known as Archaeometry) is the application of scientific techniques and methodologies to archaeology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Archaeological science"

As with most academic disciplines, there are a number of archaeological sub-disciplines typically characterised by a focus on a specific method or type of material, geographical or chronological focus, or other thematic concern. In addition, certain civilisations have attracted so much attention that their study has been specifically named. These sub-disciplines include Assyriology ( Mesopotamia), Classical archaeology ( Greece and Rome), and Egyptology ( Egypt). ...more on Wikipedia about "Archaeological sub-disciplines"

Assyriology is the historical and archaeological study of ancient Mesopotamia. The field covers not just Assyria but also that nation's eventual conqueror, Babylonia and the predecessor of both civilisations, Sumer. The large number of cuneiform clay tablets preserved by these cultures provide an enormous resource for the study of the period and the region's (and the world's) first cities such as Ur are archaeologically invaluable as for studying the growth of urbanisation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Assyriology"

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Aviation archaeology, also known as aerospace archaeology or wreck chasing, is a hobby actively practiced throughout the world by both outdoor recreationists and academics in persuit of finding, documenting, recovering, and preserving sites important in aviation history. For the most part, these sites are aircraft wrecks and crash sites, but also include structures and facilities related to aviation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aviation archaeology"

Biblical archaeology involves the recovery and scientific investigation of the material remains of past cultures that can illuminate the periods and descriptions in the Bible. As with the historical records from any other civilization, the manuscripts must be compared to other accounts from contemporary societies in Europe, Mesopotamia, and Africa; additionally, records from neighbors must be compared with them. The scientific techniques employed are those of archaeology in general including excavations as well as chance discoveries. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biblical archaeology"

The term bioarchaeology was first coined by British archaeologist Grahame Clark in 1972 as a reference to zooarchaeology, or the study of animal bones from archaeological sites. Redefined in 1977 by Jane Buikstra, bioarchaeology in the US now refers to the scientific study of human skeletal remains from archaeological sites, a discipline known elsewhere as osteoarchaeology or palaeo-osteology. In England and other European countries, however, bioarchaeology can still refer to any biological remains recovered and analyzed from archaeological sites but is more commonly known as environmental archaeology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bioarchaeology"

Computational archaeology describes computer-based analytical methods for the study of long-term human behaviour and behavioural evolution. As with other sub-disciplines that have prefixed 'computational' to their name (e.g. computational biology, computational physics and computational sociology), the term is reserved for (generally mathematical) methods that could not realistically be performed without the aid of a computer. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computational archaeology"

Cultural ecology is ecology including humans. It studies the relationship between a given society and its natural environment - the life-forms and ecosystems that support its lifeways. This may be carried out historically (diachronically), or synchronically (examining a present system and its components). The central argument is that the natural environment, in small scale or subsistence societies dependent in part upon it - is a major contributor to social organisation and other human institutions. Particularly those concerned with the distribution of wealth and power in a society, and how that affects such behaviour as hoarding or gifting, e.g. the Haida tradition of the potlatch on the Canadian west-coast. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cultural ecology"

Cultural resources management (CRM) is a branch of archaeology concerned with the identification, maintenance, and preservation of significant cultural sites in the face of threat. Other titles for CRM would be rescue or salvage excavation, it is commonly refered to as Cultural heritage management (CHM) in Australian archaeology. Possible threats include urban development, large-scale agriculture, mining activity, looting, erosion or unsustainable visitor numbers. It also stresses the importance of heritage interpretation and presentation in communicating the value of heritage to government and the public. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cultural resources management"

Dendrochronology or tree-ring dating is the method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree ring growth patterns. This technique was invented and developed during the 20th century originally by A. E. Douglass, the founder of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona. The technique can date wood to exact calendar years. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dendrochronology"

An Egyptologist is any archaeologist, historian, linguist, or art historian who specialises in Egyptology, the scientific study of Ancient Egypt and its antiquities. Demotists are Egyptologists who specialize in the study of the Demotic language and field of Demotic Studies. ...more on Wikipedia about "Egyptologist"

Egyptology is the scientific study of Ancient Egypt and Egyptian antiquities and is a regional and thematic branch of the larger disciplines of ancient history and archaeology. A practitioner of the discipline is an Egyptologist. ...more on Wikipedia about "Egyptology"

Environmental archaeology is the study of the long-term relationship between humans and their environments. Various sub-disciplines are involved to document and interpret this relationship, including paleoethnobotany, geomorphology, palynology, geophysics, landscape archaeology, human biology and human ecology. Environmental archaeology has seen a surge of interest in recent years, as it is one of the few disciplines that is able to provide empirical evidence to show how humans have responded to rapid climate change in the past. ...more on Wikipedia about "Environmental archaeology"

Epigraphy ( Greek, επιγραφή - "written upon") is the study of inscriptions engraved into stone or other permanent materials, or cast in metal, the science of classifying them as to cultural context and date, elucidating them and assessing what conclusions can be deduced from them. The study of ancient handwriting, usually in ink, is a separate field, Paleography. ...more on Wikipedia about "Epigraphy"

Ethnoarchaeology is the ethnographic study of peoples for archaeological reasons, usually focusing on the material remains of a society, rather than its culture. Ethnoarchaeology aids archaeologists in reconstructing ancient lifeways by studying the material and non-material traditions of modern societies. Archaeologists can then infer that ancient socieites used the same techniques as their modern counterparts given a similar set of environmental circumstances. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethnoarchaeology"

Experimental archaeology employs a number of different methods, techniques, analyses, and approaches in order to generate and test hypotheses or an interpretation, based upon archaeological source material, like ancient structures or artifacts. It should not be confused with primitive technology which is not concerned with any archaeological or historical evidence, living history or historical reenactment, which is generally undertaken as a hobby, for entertainment or to demonstrate a romantic atmosphere of a specific (pre)historic era. ...more on Wikipedia about "Experimental archaeology"

Feminist archaeology is an approach to studying ancient societies by critiquing what its practitioners perceive as an androcentric bias both in many past civilisations and also in modern archaeological study. They attempt to rectify it by producing new interpretations that promote a greater role for women in the past than that which has been traditionally attributed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Feminist archaeology" shortopedia, the smart choice.

A flintknapper is an individual who shapes flint through the process of lithic reduction, to manufacture stone tools or to produce flat-faced stones for building or facing walls. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flintknapper"

Forensic archaeology is the application of archaeological techniques and approaches in the legal field, normally the enforcement of criminal law. ...more on Wikipedia about "Forensic archaeology"

Gender archaeology is a method of studying ancient societies by closely examining the roles played by men and women in the past as exhibited through the archaeological record. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gender archaeology"

Geoarchaeology is a sub-field of archaeology which uses the techniques and subject matter of the earth sciences to examine topics which inform archaeological knowledge and thought. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geoarchaeology"

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