Astrophysics Astrophysics A New Theory of Magnetic Storms is a 1931 book by Chapman and Ferraro which sought to explain the phenomenon of geomagnetic storms. ...more on Wikipedia about "A New Theory of Magnetic Storms"
The accretion theory, in astrophysics, is a scientific theory of the formation of our Solar system. ...more on Wikipedia about "Accretion theory"
The albedo is a measure of reflectivity of a surface or body. It is the ratio of electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation) reflected to the amount incident upon it. The fraction, usually expressed as a percentage from 0% to 100%, is an important concept in climatology and astronomy. This ratio depends on the frequency of the radiation considered: unqualified, it refers to an average across the spectrum of visible light. It also depends on the angle of incidence of the radiation: unqualified, normal incidence. Fresh snow albedos are high: up to 90%. The ocean surface has a low albedo. Earth has an average albedo of 39% whereas the albedo of the Moon is about 12%. In astronomy, the albedo of satellites and asteroids can be used to infer surface composition, most notably ice content. Enceladus, a moon of Saturn, has the highest known albedo of any body in the solar system, with 99% of EM radiation reflected. ...more on Wikipedia about "Albedo"
Asteroseismology is the study of the internal structure of pulsating stars by the interpretation of their frequency spectra. Different oscillation modes penetrate to different depths inside the star. These oscillations provide information about the otherwise unobservable interiors of stars in a manner similar to how seismologists study the interior of Earth and other solid planets through the use of earthquake oscillations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Asteroseismology"
Astronomical spectroscopy is the technique of spectroscopy used in astronomy. As spectroscopy is described in its own article, this article focuses on its use in astronomy. The object of study is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, which radiates from stars and other celestial objects. Spectroscopy can be used to derive many properties of distant stars and galaxies, such as their chemical composition and also their motion, via the Doppler shift. ...more on Wikipedia about "Astronomical spectroscopy"
An astrophysical plasma is a plasmas (an ionized gas) found in astronomy whose physical properties are studied in the science of astrophysics. Around 99% of the universe is thought to consist of plasma, a state of matter in which atoms and molecules are so hot, that they have ionized by breaking up into their constituent parts, negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions. Although influenced by gravity, because the particles are charged, they are also strongly influenced by electromagnetic forces, that is, by magnetic and electric fields. ...more on Wikipedia about "Astrophysical plasma"
Astrophysics is the tree of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties ( luminosity, density, temperature and chemical composition) of astronomical objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. The study of cosmology is theoretical astrophysics at the largest scales. ...more on Wikipedia about "Astrophysics" www.shortopedia.com never sleeps.
The baryon asymmetry problem in astrophysics refers to the apparent fact that the baryons in the universe which have been observed are overwhelmingly matter as opposed to anti-matter. Neither the standard model of particle physics, nor the theory of general relativity provide an obvious explanation for why this should be so. There are competing theories to explain this part of the phenomena of baryogenesis, but there is no one consensus theory to explain this phenomena at this time. ...more on Wikipedia about "Baryon asymmetry"
In physical cosmology, the Big Bang is the scientific theory that the Universe emerged from an enormously dense and hot state about 13.7 billion years ago. The Big Bang is a consequence of the observed Hubble's law velocities of distant galaxies that when taken together with the cosmological principle imply that space is expanding according to the Friedmann-Lemaître model of general relativity. Extrapolated into the past, these observations show that the Universe has expanded from a primeval state, in which all the matter and energy in the Universe was at an immense temperature and density. Physicists do not widely agree on what happened before this, although general relativity predicts a gravitational singularity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Big Bang"
In physics, a black body is an object that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that falls onto it. No radiation passes through it and none is reflected. Despite the name, black bodies are not actually black as they radiate energy as well. How much electromagnetic radiation they give off just depends on their temperature. Black bodies below around 700K produce very little radiation at visible wavelengths and appear black. Black bodies above this temperature however, start to produce radiation at visible wavelengths starting at red, going through orange, yellow and white before ending up at blue as the temperature increases. ...more on Wikipedia about "Black body"
Cassini's Laws (1693) deal with the motion of the Moon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cassini's Laws"
The Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass of a white dwarf, a type of star, and is approximately 3 × 1030 kg, around 1.44 times the mass of the Sun. This number is a bit different in various articles, from 1.2 to 1.46 times the mass of the Sun and depends on the chemical composition of the star. The limit was first calculated by and thus named after the Indian physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chandrasekhar limit"
In astronomy, a compact star (sometimes called a compact object) is a star that is a white dwarf, a neutron star, an exotic star, or a black hole. "Compact star" is often used when the exact nature of the star is not known, but evidence suggests it is very massive and has small radius, thus leaving the above-mentioned possibilities. ...more on Wikipedia about "Compact star"
Cosmic rays can loosely be defined as radiation consisting of energetic particles originating outside of the Earth. Cosmic rays are composed mainly of ionized nuclei, roughly 87% protons, 12% helium nuclei and most of the rest being made up of heavier nuclei. Electrons, gamma rays, and very high energy neutrinos also make up a much smaller fraction of the cosmic radiation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmic ray" Who is www.shortopedia.com? Astrophysics
Cosmochemistry is concerned with the origin and development of the elements and their isotopes in the universe. It is connected to astrophysics, in particular to the physics of stars and supernovas. In particular, cosmochemistry is also concerned with origin and the development of elements and their isotopes in our solar system and therefore cosmochemistry is also important in planetology and for the investigation of origin and development of our solar system. Many contributions to cosmochemistry are from the research of meteorites, because meteorites are, together with samples from moon, currently the only extraterrestrial samples available for investigation in terrestrial laboratories. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmochemistry"
Cosmogenic isotopes are rare radioactive isotopes created when cosmic radiation interacts with an atomic nucleus. These isotopes are produced on Earth, in Earth's atmosphere, and in extraterrestrial items such as meteorites. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmogenic isotope"
Cosmogony is descriptive of a theory or myth concerning the coming into existence, the creation or origination of the universe; it systematically depicts an origin belief about how the Universe came to be. The word derives from the Greek Kosmogonia - from Kosmos "the world", and the root of gignesthai "to be born". In the specialized context of space science and astronomy, the term is used to refer to theories of creation of the Solar System and their study (for example, the Solar Nebula theory). This contrasts with cosmology, which studies the Universe at large, throughout its existence. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmogony"
Cosmology, from the Greek: ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmology"
Critical ionization velocity (CIV) is the relative velocity between a neutral gas and plasma (an ionized gas), at which the neutral gas will start to ionize. If more energy is supplied, the velocity of the atoms or molecules will not exceed the critical ionization velocity until the gas becomes almost fully ionized. ...more on Wikipedia about "Critical ionization velocity"
The DEEP2 Survey or DEEP2 is a Redshift survey of the Redshift~1 universe. It uses the Keck telescopes (the world's largest optical telescope as of 2005) to measure the spectra and hence redshifts of approximately 60,000 galaxies. ...more on Wikipedia about "DEEP2 Redshift Survey"
Degenerate matter is matter which has sufficiently high density that the dominant contribution to its pressure arises from the Pauli exclusion principle. The pressure maintained by a body of degenerate matter is called the degeneracy pressure, and arises because the Pauli principle forbids the constituent particles from occupying identical quantum states. Therefore, reducing the volume requires forcing the particles into higher-energy quantum states. The species of fermion are sometimes identified, so that we may speak of electron degeneracy pressure, neutron degeneracy pressure, and so forth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Degenerate matter"
Dynamical friction is a term in astrophysics related to loss of momentum and kinetic energy of moving bodies through a gravitational interaction with surrounding matter in space. It is sometimes referred to as gravitational drag, and was first discussed in detail by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in 1943. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dynamical friction"
Eddington luminosity (sometimes also called the Eddington limit) is the largest luminosity that can pass through a layer of gas in hydrostatic equilibrium, supposing spherical symmetry. If the luminosity of a star exceeds the Eddington luminosity of a layer on the stellar surface, the gas layer is ejected from the star. This limit is obtained by equating the radiation pressure with gravitational forces. Since both forces decrease as inverse square laws, once equality is obtained this alters the hydrodynamics flow everywhere. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eddington luminosity"
The ekpyrotic universe or ekpyrotic scenario is a cosmological theory of the origin of the universe. The name comes from a Stoic term for "out of fire". The ekpyrotic model of the universe is an alternative to the standard cosmic inflation paradigm, both of which accept that the standard big bang Lambda-CDM model of our universe is an appropriate description up to very early times. The ekpyrotic model is a precursor to, and part of the cyclic model. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ekpyrotic"
In astrophysics, the questions of galaxy formation and evolution are: ...more on Wikipedia about "Galaxy formation and evolution" If you like you could tell us your opinion about http://www.shortopedia.com
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