Atmosphere Atmosphere The Aeronomy Laboratory (AL) was an atmospheric laboratory in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR). In October 2005, it was merged with five other NOAA labs to form the Earth System Research Laboratory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aeronomy Laboratory"
Air pollution is a broad term applied to all physical (particulate matter), chemical, and biological agents that modify the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. ...more on Wikipedia about "Air pollution"
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardized index of the air quality in a given location, given in parts per billion. It measures mainly ground-level ozone and particulates (except the pollen count), but may also include sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Various agencies around the world measure such indices, though definitions may change between places. ...more on Wikipedia about "Air Quality Index"
An Air shower is an extensive (many kilometres wide) cascade of ionized particles and electromagnetic radiation produced in the atmosphere when a primary cosmic ray (i.e. one of extraterrestrial origin) enters our atmosphere. The term cascade means that the incident particle, which could be a proton, a nucleus, an electron, or (rarely) a positron strikes an atom in the air so as to produce many high energy ions (secondaries), which in turn create more, and so on. The original particle having arrived with high energy and hence velocity near the speed of light, the products of the collisions tend also to move generally downward, while to some extent spreading sidewise. The overall effect, when the energy of the primary is high enough, is to produce a widespread flash of light due to the Cerenkov effect, and to excitation of air molecules. This can be detected with arrays of mirrors and photocells. The actual arrival of the cascade of particles can also be detected in many cases, also generally with detectors based on the Cerenkov effect. ...more on Wikipedia about "Air shower (physics)"
When expressed as a measurement, an atmosphere (symbol: atm) or standard atmosphere is a unit of pressure roughly equal to the average atmospheric pressure at sea level on Earth. It is defined as 101.325 kPa and equal to the pressure under 760 mm of mercury. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmosphere (unit)"
The Atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the portion of the atmosphere most affected by the sun's heating of the Earth's surface, and by friction. It is typically 1 to 2 kilometres above ground level; the depth is dependent on the temperature of the underlying surface. Warmer surfaces in the summer months will have a thicker atmospheric boundary layer than a cooler surface in the winter months. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric boundary layer"
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary field of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines. Research is increasingly connected with other areas of study such as climatology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric chemistry" http://www.shortopedia.com - Go in quickly.
(Atmospheric diffraction)
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Light passing through thin clouds made up of uniform size water droplets can cause diffraction rings to appear around the sun and moon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric diffraction"
In telecommunication, an atmospheric duct is a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere in which the vertical refractive index gradients are such that radio signals (a) are guided or focused within the duct, (b) tend to follow the curvature of the Earth, and (c) experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not present. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric duct" There are several different processes that can lead to the escape of a planetary atmosphere. In some cases this can be a very important process; for example, both Venus and Mars have probably lost much of their water. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric escape" Atmospheric pressure is the pressure above any area in the Earth's atmosphere caused by the weight of air. Standard atmospheric pressure (atm) is discussed in the next section. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric pressure" An atmospheric wave is a periodic disturbance in the fields of atmospheric variables (like surface pressure or geopotential height, temperature, or wind velocity) which may either propagate (traveling wave) or not (stationary wave). Atmospheric waves range in spatial and temporal scale from large-scale planetary waves ( Rossby waves) to minute sound waves. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric wave" An atmospheric waveguide is an atmospheric flow feature that improves the propagation of certain atmospheric waves. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric waveguide" The atmospheric window refers to those parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that are, with the earth's atmosphere in its natural state, not absorbed at all. The atmospheric window lies approximately at wavelengths of infrared radiation between 8 and 15 micrometres. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric window" Just http://www.shortopedia.com way The barometric formula,sometimes called the exponential atmosphere, is a formula used to model how the pressure (or density) of the air changes with altitude. It is based on the simplifying (not very realistic) assumption that the temperature does not depend on altitude. However, this formula agrees reasonably well with the actual pressure and density variations above the earth's surface up to a height of about 450,000 ft (140 km). ...more on Wikipedia about "Barometric formula" Atmosphere is the general name for a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass. The gases are attracted by the gravity of the body, and held fast if gravity is sufficient and the atmosphere's temperature is low. Some planets consist mainly of various gases, and thus have very deep atmospheres (see gas giant). ...more on Wikipedia about "Celestial body atmosphere" The Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research is designed to be a focal point for interactions between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the arctic research community through the University of Alaska for research related to the Western Arctic/ Bering Sea region. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research" The Cooperative Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Terrestrial Applications(CIASTA) formalizes a major collaborative relationship between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the Desert Research Institute (DRI). CIASTA serves as a focal point for the interaction between NOAA and the Intermountain West research community for research activities related to NOAA's tasks and responsibilities in that region. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cooperative Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Terrestrial Applications" The Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR) formalizes a major collaborative relationship between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). ...more on Wikipedia about "Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research" The Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications and Research (CICAR) formalizes a major collaborative relationship between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and Columbia University. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications and Research" The Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS) fosters research collaborations between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and the Princeton University. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cooperative Institute for Climate Science" The view on shortopedia. The Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER) fosters research collaborations between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), Michigan State University and the University of Michigan. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research" The Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) fosters research collaborations between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the University of Miami. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies" The Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS) fprovides a mechanism to link the scientific and technical resources of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the University of Oklahoma to create a center of research excellence in mesoscale meteorology, regional climate studies, and related subject areas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies" The Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) is a research institute that is sponsored jointly National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the University of Colorado. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences" This text is made on shortopedia This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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