Automotive braking technologies Automotive braking technologies On railways and trams an air brake is a brake operated by compressed air. A safer air brake was patented by George Westinghouse on March 5, 1872. Westinghouse's invention revolutionized the railroad industry, making stopping reliable and thus permitting trains to travel at higher speeds. Westinghouse made many alterations to improve his invention leading to various forms of the automatic brake. The United States Congress passed the Safety Appliance Act in 1893 making the use of some automatic brake system mandatory. By 1905, over 2,000,000 freight, passenger, mail, baggage and express railroad cars and 89,000 locomotives in the United States were equipped with the Westinghouse Automatic Brake. ...more on Wikipedia about "Air brake (rail)"
An anti-lock braking system (commonly known as ABS, from the German name "Antiblockiersystem" given to it by its inventors at Bosch) is a system on motor vehicles which prevents the wheels from locking while braking. The purpose of this is twofold: to allow the driver to maintain steering control and to shorten braking distances (by allowing the driver to fully hit the brake without the fear for skidding or the loss of control; the system itself does not contain miracle wonder technology to improve the tire quality). ...more on Wikipedia about "Anti-lock braking system"
Brake bleeding is the procedure performed on hydraulic brake systems whereby the brake lines (the pipes and hoses containing the brake fluid) are purged of any air bubbles. This is necessary because, while the brake fluid is an incompressible liquid, air bubbles are compressible gas and their presence in the brake system greatly reduces the hydraulic pressure that can be developed within the system. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brake bleeding"
In automobiles, fade, or brake fade is the reduction in stopping power caused by a buildup of heat in the braking surfaces (and in the case of drum brakes the change in dimension of components in response to heat; the curvature of the brake shoes then failing to match the curvature of the brake drum) . It occurs most often during high performance driving or when going down a long, steep hill. Owing to their configuration this is more prevalent in drum brakes. Disk brakes are much more resistant to brake fade and have come to be a standard feature in front brakes for most vehicles, although the brake rotors can become warped due to excessive heating. Fade can also be caused by the brake fluid boiling, gas is released and since gas is compressible you get a spongy pedal. Obviously it's worse when there are contaminents in the fluid such as water which some types of brake fluids are prone to absorbing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brake fade"
Brake fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid used in brake applications in automobiles and light trucks. It is used to transfer force under pressure from where it is created through hydraulic lines to the braking mechanism near the wheels. It works because liquids are not appreciably compressible. Braking applications produce a lot of heat so brake fluid must have a high boiling point to remain effective and must also not freeze under normal temperatures. These requirements eliminate most water-based solutions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brake fluid"
Brake linings are the consumable surfaces in braking systems, especially those used in vehicles. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brake lining"
The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. A braking disc (or rotor in US English), usually made of cast iron, is connected to the wheel or the axle. To stop the wheel, the braking pads (mounted in a device called a brake caliper) are squeezed mechanically or hydraulically against the disc on both sides. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. ...more on Wikipedia about "Disc brake"
A drum brake is a brake in which the friction is caused by a set of shoes or pads that press against the inner surface of a rotating drum. The drum is connected to a rotating wheel. ...more on Wikipedia about "Drum brake"
Electronic Brake Force Distribution or EBD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicles brakes. Often coupled with Anti-lock braking systems, EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electronic brakeforce distribution"
An emergency brake is a brake system that is generally only to be used in emergency situations to slow or stop a machine. The most well-known emergency brakes are those in trains and automobiles. Many people shorten emergency and call the devices e-brakes. Additionally, in the automobile context, they are also known as parking brakes and hand brakes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Emergency brake"
Engine braking is the act of using the energy-requiring compression stroke of the internal combustion engine to dissipate energy and slow down a vehicle. Compression braking is a common legal term for the same mechanism. Large trucks use a device called a jake brake to increase the effectiveness of engine braking. ...more on Wikipedia about "Engine braking"
Since diesel engines lack an intake manifold, there is no intake vacuum when the engine is not fueling. The intake vacuum creates the slowing effect felt in gasoline engines when they are going down a hill with the foot off the gas. Many different strategies are used on diesels, the least expensive (and also one of the least powerful) of which is the exhaust brake. ...more on Wikipedia about "Exhaust brake"
An inboard braking system is an automobile technology where the brakes are not located in the wheels, as is common today, but instead near the differential. Moving the brakes inboard reduced unsprung weight substantially, improving ride and handling. This system was more common in the 1960s, found on such cars as the Jaguar E-Type and Citroën 2CV. The Hummer H1 is one of the few modern vehicles fitted with inboard brakes, although this addition was ostensibly to accommodate the Hummer's unusual gear-drive system used at each wheel. ...more on Wikipedia about "Inboard brake"
The Jake Brake is a particular brand of engine brake manufactured and sold by Jacobs Vehicle Systems, Inc. While the term Jake Brake technically only describes Jake Brake brand engine brakes, it has become a genericized trademark and is often used to refer to engine brakes or compression release engine brakes in general. ...more on Wikipedia about "Jake brake"
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A regenerative brake is an apparatus, a device or system which allows a vehicle to recapture and store part of the kinetic energy that would otherwise be 'lost' to heat when braking. ...more on Wikipedia about "Regenerative brake"
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