Bioengineering Bioengineering Biological engineering (also biosystems engineering and bioengineering) is a broad-based engineering discipline that deals with bio-molecular and molecular processes, product design, sustainability and analysis of biological systems. Generally, bioengineering encompasses other engineering disciplines when they are applied to living organisms (e.g., prosthetics in mechanical engineering). Bioengineering is often synonymous with biomedical engineering, though in the strict sense the term can be applied more broadly to include food engineering and agricultural engineering. Biotechnology also falls under the purview of the broad umbrella of bioengineering. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bioengineering"
"Biohacking" is the term applied to the art (or science) of hacking biology; using nature's built-in mechanisms for human purposes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biohacking"
Biomedical engineering is a discipline concerned with the development and manufacture of prostheses, medical devices, diagnostic devices, drugs and other therapies as well as the application of engineering principles to basic biological science problems. It combines the expertise of engineering with medical needs to improve healthcare. It is more concerned with biological, safety and regulatory issues than other forms of engineering. It may be defined as "The application of engineering principles and techniques to the medical field." ...more on Wikipedia about "Biomedical engineering"
Biomedical informatics is a discipline related to Bioinformatics and has its roots in medical informatics or healthcare informatics. It studies the use of information technology and advanced research computing in the practice of biomedical sciences and medicine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biomedical informatics"
Biomedical technology involves the application of engineering and technology principles to the domain of living or biological systems. Usually biomedical denotes a greater stress on problems related to human health and diseases. Biomedical engineering combined with Biotechnology is often called Biomedical Technology or Bioengineering. It has got two wings: Biomedical Engineering (dealing more with the Biophysics), and Biotechnology (dealing more with the Biochemistry). ...more on Wikipedia about "Biomedical technology"
Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEU) is the application of ultrasound contrast agents to traditional medical sonography. Ultrasound contrast agents are gas-filled microbubbles that are administered intravenously to the systemic circulation. Microbubbles have a high degree of echogenicity, which is the ability of an object to reflect the ultrasound waves. The echogenicity difference between the gas in the microbubbles and the soft tissue surroundings of the body is immense. Thus, ultrasonic imaging using microbubble contrast agents enhances the ultrasound backscatter, or reflection of the ultrasound waves, to produce a unique sonogram with increased contrast due to the high echogenicity difference. Contrast enhanced ultrasound can be used to image blood perfusion in organs, measure blood flow rate in the heart and other organs, and has other applications as well. ...more on Wikipedia about "Contrast enhanced ultrasound"
Description: Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Gray's Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. The book was first published under the title Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical in Great Britain in 1858, and the following year in the United States. The book's British author died after the publication of the 1860 second edition, at the age of 34, but his much-praised book was continued by others and on November 24, 2004, the 39th British edition was released. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in biology"
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(List of publications in medicine) De Materia Medica ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in medicine"
Metabolic network reconstruction and simulation allows for an in depth insight into comprehending the molecular mechanisms of a particular organism, especially correlating the genome with molecular physiology (Francke, Siezen, and Teusink 2005). A reconstruction breaks down metabolism pathways into their respective reactions and enzymes, and analyzes them within the perspective of the entire network. Examples of various metabolic pathways include glycolysis, Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, etc. In simplified terms, a reconstruction involves collecting all of the relevant metabolic information of an organism and then compiling it in a way that makes sense for various types of analyses to be performed. The correlation between the genome and metabolism is made by searching gene databases, such as KEGG ** , GeneDB ** , etc., for particular genes by inputting enzyme or protein names. For example, a search can be conducted based on the protein name or the EC number (a number that represents the catalytic function of the enzyme of interest) in order to find the associated gene (Francke et al. 2005). ...more on Wikipedia about "Metabolic network reconstruction and simulation"
RISUG (formerly referred to as SMA) is a contraceptive method which was invented in India; a third world country where all the trials have been performed. Because of this, some scientists state that there are safety issues which have not been solved. ...more on Wikipedia about "Reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance"
Sujoy Kumar Guha, commonly known as Professor S K Guha or Prof Sujoy K Guha was born in Patna, India in 1939. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sujoy K Guha"
Tissue engineering can perhaps be best defined as the use of a combination of cells, engineering materials, and suitable biochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions in an effort to effect the advancement of medicine. Probably the first definition of tissue engineering was by Langer and Vacanti who stated it to be "an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function”. MacArthur and Oreffo (as cited in "References") defined tissue engineering as "understanding the principles of tissue growth, and applying this to produce functional replacement tissue for clinical use." A further description goes on to say that an "underlying supposition of tissue engineering is that the employment of natural biology of the system will allow for greater success in developing therapeutic strategies aimed at the replacement, repair, maintenance, and/or enhancement of tissue function." These more general definitions are driven in part by recent scientific progress with completely autologous approaches. That is, many groups (Nicolas L'Heureux at Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Julie Campbell at University of Queensland etc, Loex laboratories at the Universite of Laval etc.) are demonstrating functional tissue engineered devices/organs without using synthetic biomaterials/scaffolds. These recent approaches are clearly based more on an understanding of cell biology than materials science. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tissue engineering"
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