Bioethics Bioethics Animal rights, or animal liberation, is the movement to protect animals from being used or regarded as property by human beings. It is a radical social movement, insofar as it aims not merely to attain more humane treatment for animals, but also to include species other than human beings within the moral community by giving their basic interests — for example, the interest in avoiding suffering — the same consideration as our own. The claim, in other words, is that animals should no longer be regarded legally or morally as property, or treated merely as resources for human purposes, but should instead be regarded as persons. ...more on Wikipedia about "Animal rights"
The anti-abortion movement is a political movement opposed to abortion. Those within the movement seek to restrict or prohibit some or all abortions. Some involved in the movement also hold positions on other issues in bioethics and reproductive rights, such as opposing birth control, euthanasia, embryonic stem cell research and human cloning. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anti-abortion movement"
Arthur L. Caplan is Emanuel and Robert Hart Professor of Bioethics and director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arthur Caplan"
The Asilomar conference on recombinant DNA was an influential conference discussing the regulation of biotechnology held in February 1975 at a conference center Asilomar State Beach. A group of around 140 professionals (primarily biologists, but also including lawyers and physicians) participated in the conference to draw up voluntary guidelines to ensure the safety of recombinant DNA technology. It is generally considered an important event in the history of biotechnology and the regulation of science and technology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Asilomar conference on recombinant DNA"
Barry Horne was a British animal rights activist who died of kidney failure in Ronkswood Hospital, Worcester on November 5, 2001, following a series of four hunger strikes while serving an 18-year sentence for planting incendiary devices. Horne said his aim was to persuade the British government to hold a public inquiry into animal-testing practices in the UK, something the Labour Party had promised to do when it came to power in 1997. ...more on Wikipedia about "Barry Horne"
Bioconservatism (a portmanteau word combining " biology" and " conservatism"), is a stance of hesitancy about biotechnological development especially if it is perceived to threaten a social order. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bioconservatism"
Biodefense refers to short term, local, usually military measures to restore biosecurity to a given group of persons in a given area — in the civilian terminology, it is a very robust biohazard response. It is technically possible to apply biodefense measures to protect animals or plants, but this is generally uneconomic. However, protection of water supplies and food supplies are often a critical part of biodefense. Various definitions of biosafety emerged in different professions to guarantee non-human health. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biodefense"
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Bioethics is the ethics of biological science and medicine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bioethics"
Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism ( bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill an adversary. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biological warfare"
A neologism invented by Michel Foucault, the term "Biopolitics" or "Biopolitical" can refer to several different yet not incompatible concepts: ...more on Wikipedia about "Biopolitics"
Biopower was a term originally coined by French philosopher Michel Foucault to refer to the practice of modern states to regulate their subjects through "an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugations of bodies and the control of populations". In both Foucault's work and the work of later theorists it has been used to refer to practices of public health, regulation of heredity, and risk regulation, among many other things often linked less directly with literal physical health. It is closely related to a term he uses much less frequently, but which subsequent thinkers have taken up independently, biopolitics. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biopower"
Biosafety: prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity, focusing both on ecology and human health. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biosafety"
A biosecurity guarantee attempts to ensure that ecologies sustaining either people or animals are maintained. This may include natural habitats as well as shelter and productive enterprise (especially agriculture) and deals with threats such as biological warfare or epidemics. This is related to the more passive concept of biosafety. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biosecurity"
The idea of degeneration had a huge influence on science, art and politics from the 1850s to the 1950s. ...more on Wikipedia about "Degeneration"
Democratic transhumanism, a term coined by James Hughes in 2002, refers to the ideas of transhumanists ( humanists who support morphological freedom and the ethical use of technologies that enhance human capacities) who espouse liberal, social or radical democratic political views. ...more on Wikipedia about "Democratic transhumanism"
The term "designer babies" has been used in popular scientific and bioethics literature to specify children whose hereditary makeup ( genes and genome) can be, using various reproductive and genetic technologies, purposefully selected ("designed") by their parents. The term is usually used with some derision. ...more on Wikipedia about "Designer baby"
The Dickey Amendment is the name of a piece of federal legislation passed by United States Congress in 1995 which prohibits the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) from using appropriated funds for the creation of human embryos for research purposes or for research in which human embryos are destroyed. HHS funding includes the funding for National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding. Technically the Dickey Amendment is a "rider" to other legislation, which amends the original legislation. The rider receives its name from the name of the Congressman that originally introduced the amendment, Representative Jay Dickey. The Dickey amendment language has been added to each of the Labor, HHS, and Education appropriations acts for FY1997 through FY2004. The original rider can be found in Section 128 of P.L. 104-99. The wording of the rider is generally the same year after year. For FY2005, the wording prohibits HHS from using FY2005 appropriated funds for: ...more on Wikipedia about "Dickey Amendment"
Eugenics is a social philosophy which advocates the improvement of human hereditary traits through social intervention. The goals have variously been to create more intelligent people, save society resources, lessen human suffering and reduce health problems. Proposed means of achieving these goals most commonly include birth control, selective breeding, and genetic engineering. Critics argue eugenics is a pseudoscience, that it has a potential for "objectifying" human characteristics, and that historically it has been a means whereby social thinking culminated in coercive state-sponsored discrimination and human rights violations, even genocide. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eugenics"
Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary diseases in particular. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gene therapy"
Human enhancement technologies (HET) are technologies that can be used not simply for treating illness and disability, but also for enhancing human capacities and characteristics. ...more on Wikipedia about "Human enhancement technologies"
Since the discovery of ionizing radiation, a number of human radiation experiments have been performed to understand the effects of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination on the human body. Early pioneers did not appreciate the danger of such experiments and quite casually exposed experimenters and subjects to such radiation. In recent years, the danger is well-understood and experiments are carefully designed with close attention to medical ethics and safety for everyone involved. However, there have been a number of experiments that may constitue unethical human experimentation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Human radiation experiments"
The imperative to increase biodiversity is a land ethic, an aspect of most programs of sustainable development, especially in rural areas, e.g. precision agriculture, restorative economy, transformative ecology, wild gardening and Global Resource Banking. All of these assume that increasing biodiversity has a positive value, economic, moral, or otherwise. ...more on Wikipedia about "Increasing biodiversity"
Leemon McHenry, PhD, is a bioethicist and professor of philosophy, since 1997, at California State University, Northridge. He has taught philosophy at Old Dominion University, Davidson College, Central Michigan University, Wittenberg University and Loyola Marymount University and has held visiting research positions at Johns Hopkins University and the University of California, Los Angeles. His research interests center on medical ethics, metaphysics, and philosophy of science. ...more on Wikipedia about "Leemon McHenry"
Liberal eugenics is the study and use of genetic engineering to improve human beings, specifically in regard to biological characteristics and capacities. ...more on Wikipedia about "Liberal eugenics"
Description: Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Gray's Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. The book was first published under the title Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical in Great Britain in 1858, and the following year in the United States. The book's British author died after the publication of the 1860 second edition, at the age of 34, but his much-praised book was continued by others and on November 24, 2004, the 39th British edition was released. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in biology"
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