Biogeography Biogeography The Afrotropic Ecozone is Africa south of the Sahara Desert. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region. ...more on Wikipedia about "Afrotropic"
The Arkansas River is a major tributary of the Mississippi which flows east and southeast through Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma territories and then into the state of Arkansas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arkansas River"
The Australasian ecozone includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (including Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua), and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccan islands (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku) and islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas. The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan ecozone. The Australasia ecozone also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of Australasian ecozone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Australasia ecozone"
The Biogeographic Regions are schemes of organisms distribution patterns on Earth's surface. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biogeographic Regions"
Biogeography is the science which deals with questions of species patterns of distribution and the process that resulted in such patterns. The patterns of species distribution at this level can usually be explained through a combination of historical factors - speciation, extinction, continental drift, glaciation, river capture and variation in sea levels, ice sheets, rivers etc due to climate variation ( Ice Ages, glacial/ interglacial periods) - in combination with the area and isolation of landmasses - geographic constraints, in combination with the available energy supply. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biogeography"
Ecological land classification is defined as being a cartographical delineation of distinct ecological areas, identified by their geology, topography, soils, vegetation, climate conditions, living species, water resources, as well as anthropic factors. These factors are known to control or influence biotic composition and ecological processes. As a consequence, they provide a useful approximation of ecosystem potentials. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ecological land classification"
An ecoregion is "a relatively large area of land or water that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural communities." ...more on Wikipedia about "Ecoregion"
A biogeographical realm or ecozone is a biogeographical and ecological land classification system of the world first formally proposed by Miklos Udvardy in 1975 for conservation purposes. Arguably, biomes are better suited for conservational purposes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ecozone"
A floristic province is a geographic area with a relatively uniform composition of plant species. Adjacent floristic provinces do not usually have a sharp boundary, but rather a soft one, a transitional area in which many species from both regions overlap. The region of overlap is called a vegetation tension zone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Floristic province"
Floristics (from " flora") is a subdomain of botany and biogeography that studies distribution and relationships of plant species over geographic areas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Floristics"
Gavan Daws is an award-winning author, Hawaiiana heritage researcher and mentor. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gavan Daws"
The Great American Interchange was a very important paleozoogeographic event in which land and freshwater animal faunas migrated from Central America to South America and vice versa, as the volcanic Isthmus of Panama rose up from the sea floor and bridged the continents. The migration peaked dramatically around 3 Million years ago ( Piacenzian, the first half of the Upper Pliocene). ...more on Wikipedia about "Great American Interchange"
The Holarctic is a term used by zoologists to define the ecozone covering much of Eurasia and North America, which have often been connected by the Bering land bridge. The two regions have very similar mammal and bird fauna, with many Eurasian species having moved into North America, and fewer North American species having moved into Eurasia. More commonly, this is defined as two separate areas, the Palearctic (Eurasia) and Nearctic (North America). ...more on Wikipedia about "Holarctic"
The Indomalaya Ecozone was previously called the Oriental region. ...more on Wikipedia about "Indomalaya"
The study of island biogeography is a field within biogeography that attempts to establish and explain the factors that affect the species diversity of a particular community. In this context the island can be any area of habitat surrounded by areas unsuitable for the species on the island; not just true islands surrounded by ocean, but also mountains surrounded by deserts, lakes surrounded by dry land, forest fragments surrounded by human-altered landscapes. The field was started in the 1960s by the ecologists Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson, who coined the term theory of island biogeography, as this theory attempted to predict the number of species that would exist on a newly created island. ...more on Wikipedia about "Island biogeography"
Landscape ecology is a subdiscipline of ecology and geography that is the study of spatial variation and interested in landscape elements (such as fields, hedgerows, woodlots, rivers or towns) and how their distribution affects the distribution and flow of energy and individuals in the environment (which, in turn, may influence the distribution of the elements themselves). Landscape ecology typically deals with problems in an applied and holistic context. The term landscape ecology was coined by Carl Troll, a German geographer in 1939 (Troll 1939). He developed this terminology and many early concepts of landscape ecology as part of his early work applying aerial photograph interpretation to studies of interactions between environment and vegetation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Landscape ecology"
Description: Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Gray's Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. The book was first published under the title Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical in Great Britain in 1858, and the following year in the United States. The book's British author died after the publication of the 1860 second edition, at the age of 34, but his much-praised book was continued by others and on November 24, 2004, the 39th British edition was released. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in biology"
The Nearctic is one of the eight terrestrial ecozones dividing the Earth's land surface. ...more on Wikipedia about "Nearctic"
The Neotropic ecozone is a terrestrial ecoregion which includes South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. It has distinct fauna and flora from the Nearctic because its long separation from the northern continent. ...more on Wikipedia about "Neotropic"
Oceania is the smallest of the world's terrestrial ecozones, and unique in not including any continental land mass. The ecozone includes the Pacific Ocean islands of Micronesia, the Fijian Islands, and most of Polynesia (with the exception of New Zealand). New Zealand and most of Melanesia, including New Guinea, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia, are included, with Australia in the Australasia ecozone. Oceania is the smallest in area of any of the ecozones, and also the youngest geologically; other ecozones include old continental land masses or fragments of continents, but Oceania is composed mostly of island groups that arose from the sea, as a result of hotspot volcanism, or as island arcs pushed upward by the collision and subduction of tectonic plates. The islands range from tiny coral atolls to large mountainous islands, like Hawaii and Fiji. ...more on Wikipedia about "Oceania ecozone"
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth surface (see map ). ...more on Wikipedia about "Palearctic"
In the most basic biological sense refugia (singular: refugium) represent isolated populations of once large ranging animal species. This isolation ( allopatry) can be the result of human activities - such as deforestation, over hunting, etc. - or climatic changes. Present examples of such refuge species may be the mountain gorilla, now isolated to specific mountains in central Africa, and the Australian Sea Lion, presently isolated to specific breeding beaches in south Australia due to over hunting. This isolation, in many cases, can be seen as only a temporary state; however, some refugia may be long-standing, thereby having many endemic species, not found elsewhere, which survive as relict populations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Refugia"
In geology, river capture is an event in which one river or stream captures or intercepts part of another. River captures are natural rather than man-made events. A variety of mechanisms can cause river capture, but the two most common causes are catastrophic geological events ( earthquakes or earth tremors and consequent large scale crustal deformations; land slips) and erosion, where the course of one river moves laterally and eventually cuts into the course of another. ...more on Wikipedia about "River capture"
Ecoregions are defined by World Wildlife Fund as "relatively large units of land or water containing a distinct assemblage of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change". Terrestrial ecoregions are land ecoregions, as distinct from freshwater ecoregions and marine ecoregions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Terrestrial ecoregion"
The Wallace Line is a hypothetical boundary which separates the zoogeographical regions of Asia and Australasia. West of the line are found organisms related to Asiatic species; to the east, mostly organisms related to Australian species. The Line is named after Alfred Russel Wallace, who noticed the apparent dividing line during his travels through the East Indies in the 19th Century. The line runs through the Malay Archipelago, between Borneo and Celebes; and between Bali (in the west) and Lombok (in the east). Evidence of the Line was also noted in Antonio Pigafetta's biological contrasts between the Philippines and the Spice Islands, recorded during the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. ...more on Wikipedia about "Wallace Line"
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