Biological reproduction Biological reproduction Adelphogamy is a form of sexual partnership between sibling eukaryotes, for example in some species of fungi, flowering plants or ants, or in humans. In sociology, the term adelphogamy may also refer to fraternal polyandry. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adelphogamy"
Alternation of generations is a term applied to a reproductive cycle of certain plants, fungi, and protists. It is a bit of a misnomer, a more accurate name would be "alternation of phases of a single generation" because a generation of a species typically encompasses one complete life cycle (i.e., both alternating phases; see Biological life cycle). The life cycle of organisms with so-called "alternation of generations" is characterized by each phase consisting of two separate, free-living organisms: a gametophyte (or genetically haploid) thallus or plant and a sporophyte (or genetically diploid) thallus or plant. The distinction of "free-living" is important, because all sexually reproducing organisms involve alternating phases, at least at the cellular level (see meiosis). However, not all biologists agree. It is often stated that alternation of generations refers to both the diploid and haploid stages being "multicellular" and this is more important than "free-living" (Raven, Evert, & Eichhorn, 2005). Such a distinction changes the concept to one separating animals and plants. All plants have diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stages that are multicellular, and the differences between plant groups are in the relative sizes, forms, and trophic abilities of the gametophyte or sporophyte forms, as well as the level of differentiation in the gametophytes (i.e., pollen and ovules vs. bisexual gametophyte thalli). Both approaches are discussed in this article. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alternation of generations"
Apophallation is a technique used by some slugs following intercourse. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apophallation"
Artificial insemination (AI) is when sperm is placed into a female's ovarian follicle (intrafollicular), uterus (intrauterine), cervix (intracervical), or fallopian tubes (intratubal) using artificial means rather than by natural copulation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Artificial insemination"
Artificial reproduction is the creation of new life by other than the natural means available to an organism. Examples include artificial insemination, in vitro fertilisation, cloning and embryonic splitting, or cleavage. ...more on Wikipedia about "Artificial reproduction"
Asexual reproduction (also known as agamogenesis) is the simplest form of reproduction and does not involve meiosis, gamete formation, or fertilization. In laymen's terms, there is only one "parent" involved. This form of reproduction is common among simple organisms such as amoeba and other single-celled organisms, although most plants produce asexually as well (see vegetative reproduction). ...more on Wikipedia about "Asexual reproduction"
Assortative mating (also called Assortative pairing) takes place when sexually reproducing organisms tend to mate with individuals that are like themselves in some respect (positive assortative mating) or dissimilar (negative assortative mating). In evolution, therefore these two types of assortative mating have the effect of reducing and expanding the range of variation, respectively, when the assorting is cued on heritable traits. ...more on Wikipedia about "Assortative mating"
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Binary fission is the form of asexual reproduction used by most prokaryotes to reproduce. This process results in the reproduction of a living cell by division into two equal or near-equal parts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Binary fission"
A life cycle is a period involving one generation of an organism, whether through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. In regard to its ploidy, there are three types of cycles: ...more on Wikipedia about "Biological life cycle"
Biological reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction by an antecedent. The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types: sexual and asexual reproduction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biological reproduction"
Biotic potential is the maximum possible rate of reproduction for an organism; it is generally only reached when environmental conditions are very favorable. A species reaching its biotic potential would exhibit exponential population growth and be said to have a high fertility, that is, how many offspring are produced per mother. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biotic potential"
The Bruce effect is a form of pregnancy disruption in mammals ...more on Wikipedia about "Bruce effect"
Budding is the process by which enveloped viruses acquire their external envelope, often as fragment of the host cell membrane, which bulges outwards and takes the virion inside. The Gag protein is essential for this process. Some viruses hijack the host cell proteins normally involved in endocytosis to facilitate this process. ...more on Wikipedia about "Budding"
Copulation is the union of the external sexual organs of two sexually reproducing animal organisms for insemination and for subsequent internal fertilization, which is fertilization of ova inside organisms. The two organisms may be of opposite sexes or hermaphroditic, as is the case with, for example, snails. ...more on Wikipedia about "Copulation" Pure http://www.shortopedia.com. Pure Information Power.
(Cortical reaction) After a spermatozoan makes contact with the oocyte membrane, the vesicles within the oocyte fuse with membrane. It prevents further spermatozoa from entering. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cortical reaction"
(Donor conceived people) == References == ...more on Wikipedia about "Donor conceived people"
The estrus cycle (also œstrus or estrous cycle) refers to the recurring physiologic changes that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian placental females (humans and great apes are the only mammals who undergo a menstrual cycle instead). Estrus cycles start after puberty in sexually mature females and are interrupted by anestrous phases (see below: anestrus). Typically estrus cycles continue until death. Some animals may display bloody vaginal discharge, often mistaken for menstruation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Estrus cycle"
External fertilization is a form of fertilization in which a sperm cell is united with an egg cell external to the body of the female. Thus, the fertilization is said to occur "externally". This is distinct from internal fertilization where the union of the egg and sperm occur inside the female after insemination through copulation. ...more on Wikipedia about "External fertilization"
Fecundity, derived from the word fecund, generally refers to the ability to reproduce. In biology and demography, fecundity is the potential reproductive capacity of an organism or population, measured by the number of gametes (eggs), seed set or asexual propagules. Fecundation is another term for fertilisation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fecundity"
Fertilisation (also known as conception, fecundation and syngamy) is fusion of gametes to form a new organism. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo. Depending on the animal species, the process can occur within the body of the female in internal fertilisation, or outside in the case of external fertilisation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fertilisation"
Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside a female viviparous animal. In mammals that undergo a pregnancy, they can have one or more gestations at the same time, resulting in multiple gestations. In the case of multiple gestations, the organisms gestated by the mother are called twins. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gestation"
Heterogamous describes a species in which gametes show sexual dimorphism (that is, sperm and ovum). This is in contrast to a homogamous species in which all gametes are the same type. ...more on Wikipedia about "Heterogamous"
Incarnation, which literally means enfleshment, refers to the conception, and live birth of a sentient creature (generally human) who is the material manifestation of an entity or force whose original nature is immaterial. Incarnation should be carefully distinguished from the phenomenon of apotheosis, which is the temporary manifestation of a divine or archetypal force, entity or energy within and through a human being during the course of ritual, religious exercise, meditation, or other spiritual activities. ...more on Wikipedia about "Incarnation"
Insemination is the introduction of semen into the genital tract of a female or hermaphrodite animal during copulation with another animal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Insemination"
Internal fertilization is a form of animal fertilization of an ovum by spermatozoon within the body of an inseminated animal, whether female or hermaphroditic. This is distinct from external fertilization, where the union of the ova and spermatoza occur outside of the organism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Internal fertilization"
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