Business law Business law In English and Welsh insolvency law, an Administration Order is a method used to protect a company experiencing short or medium term financial problems from its creditors. A court order is issued that forbids any form of legal or insolvency action without the court's permission. ...more on Wikipedia about "Administration Order"
Agency is an area of Commercial law dealing with a contractual or quasi-contractual tripartite set of relationships when an Agent is authorised to act on behalf of another (called the Principal) to create a legal relationship with a Third Party. This branch of law separates and regulates the relationships between: ...more on Wikipedia about "Agency (law)"
An Agent in Commercial Law is a person who is authorised to act on behalf of another (called the Principal) to create a legal relationship with a Third Party. Agency law deals with the tripartite relationship between: ...more on Wikipedia about "Agent (law)"
The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) is an international treaty which sets down minimum standards for most forms of intellectual property regulation within all member countries of the WTO. ...more on Wikipedia about "Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights"
Antitrust or competition laws are laws which seek to promote economic and business competition by prohibiting anti-competitive behavior and unfair business practices. Government agencies known as competition regulators regulate antitrust laws, and may also be responsible for regulating related laws dealing with consumer protection. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antitrust"
Apparent authority is a term used in the law of agency to describe a situtation in which a principle leads a third party to believe that an agent has authority to bind the principle, even where the agent lacks the actual authority to bind the principle. In such circumstances, the law will hold the principle liable for the acts of the agent, out of fairness to the third party. There must be some act or some knowing omission on the part of the principle - if the agent alone acts to give the third party this false impression, then the principle is not bound. However, the principle will be bound if the agent so acts in the presence of the principle, and the principle stands silently and says nothing to dissuade the third party from believing that the agent has the authority to bind the principle. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apparent authority"
Arbitration is a form of mediation or conciliation, where the mediating party is given power by the disputant parties to settle the dispute by making a finding. In practice arbitration is generally used as a substitute for judicial systems, particularly when the judicial processes are viewed as too slow, expensive or biased. Arbitration is also used by communities which lack formal law, as a substitute for formal law. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arbitration" Everybody should like http://www.shortopedia.com
A bulk sale is a sale of goods by a business that represents all or substantially all of its inventory to a single buyer unless such a sale would be common in the ordinary course of its business. In order to protect the purchaser from claims made by creditors of the seller, the seller must usually complete an affidavit outlining its secured and unsecured creditors. The affidavit must usually be filed with a government department, such as a court office. Such procedures are outlined in the bulk sales act of most jurisdictions. If the buyer does not complete the registration process for a bulk sale, creditors of the seller may obtain a declaration that the sale was invalid against the creditors and the creditors may take possession of the goods or obtain judgment for any proceeds the buyer received from a subsequent sale. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bulk sale"
The business judgment rule is a case law-derived concept in Corporations law whereby a court will refuse to review the actions of a corporation's board of directors in managing the corporation unless (1) there is some allegation of conduct that violates the corporate duty of care or duty of loyalty, or (2) there is an allegation that the Board's action lacked any rational basis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Business judgment rule"
Churning is the practice of executing trades for an investment account by a salesman or broker in order to generate commissions from the account. It is a breach of securities law in many jurisdictions, and it is generally actionable by the account holder for the return of the commissions paid, and any losses occasioned by the broker's choice of stocks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Churning (stock trade)"
Clearstream Banking (CB) is a Bank and a transaction clearing company based in Luxembourg ( Europe) created in January 2000. CB was previously known as Cedel (est. 1971); as Cedel, it specialized in clearing until 1996 when it changed into a bank. It has been accused by investigative reporter Denis Robert and Attac of being a major part in the underground economy, a main platform of money laundering for hundreds of banks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clearstream"
A closed shop is a business or industrial establishment whose employees are required to be union members as a precondition to employment. It is opposed to the open shop, which may represent either the unlawful refusal to hire workers on the basis of their union membership or the lawful refusal to give union members preference in hiring. It is different from the union shop, which does not require employees to be union members as a condition of employment, but does require that they join the union or pay the equivalent of union dues within a set period of time following their hire. ...more on Wikipedia about "Closed shop"
Commercial law or business law is the body of law which governs business and commerce and is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals both with issues of private law and public law. Commercial law regulates corporate contracts, hiring practices, and the manufacture and sales of consumer goods. Many countries have adopted civil codes which contain comprehensive statements of their commercial law. In the United States, commercial law is the province of both the Congress under its power to regulate interstate commerce, and the states under their police power. Efforts have been made to create a unified body of commercial law in the US: the most successful of these attempts has resulted in the general adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code. ...more on Wikipedia about "Commercial law"
Consumer privacy laws and regulations seek to protect any individual from loss of privacy due to failures or limitations of corporate customer privacy measures. They recognize that the damage done by privacy loss is typically not measurable, nor can it be undone, and that commercial organizations have little or no interest in taking unprofitable measures to drastically increase privacy of customers - indeed, their motivation is very often quite the opposite, to share data for commercial advantage, and to fail to officially recognize it as sensitive, so as to avoid legal liability for lapses of security that may occur. ...more on Wikipedia about "Consumer privacy"
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(Corporate responsibility) Traditionally, corporations are responsible to the law and to their owners or shareholders - their statutory obligations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Corporate responsibility"
A corporation is a legal entity (distinct from a natural person) that often has similar rights in law to those of a natural person. ...more on Wikipedia about "Corporation"
Country of origin is the country of manufacture, production, or growth where the article is coming from. ...more on Wikipedia about "Country of origin"
De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel are both terms that are used by courts to describe circumstances in which is a business organization that has failed to become a de jure corporation (a corporation by law) will nonetheless be treated as a corporation, thereby shielding shareholders from liability. ...more on Wikipedia about "De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel"
Digital rights management (DRM) is the umbrella term referring to any of several technologies used to enforce pre-defined limitations on software, music, movies, or other digital data. In more technical terms, DRM handles the description, layering, analysis, valuation, trading and monitoring of the rights held over a digital work. In the widest possible sense, the term refers to any such management. ...more on Wikipedia about "Digital rights management"
The duty of fair representation is the obligation, incumbent upon U.S. labor unions that are the exclusive bargaining representative of workers in a particular group, to represent all those employees fairly, in good faith, and without discrimination. Originally recognized by the United States Supreme Court in a series of cases in the mid-1940s involving racial discrimination by railway workers' unions covered by the Railway Labor Act, the duty of fair representation also applies to workers covered by the National Labor Relations Act and, depending on the terms of the statute, to public sector workers covered by state and local laws regulating labor relations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Duty of fair representation"
The Convention on the Grant of European Patents of 5 October 1973, commonly known as the European Patent Convention (EPC), is a multilateral treaty instituting the European Patent Organisation and providing an autonomous legal system according to which European patents are granted. Once granted, a European patent becomes equivalent to a bundle of nationally-enforceable, nationally-revocable patents, except for the provision of a time-limited, unified, post-grant opposition procedure. ...more on Wikipedia about "European Patent Convention"
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A forward-looking statement generally refers to any statement that cannot sustain itself as only a historical fact. It usually predicts, projects, or uses future events as expectations or possibilities. ...more on Wikipedia about "Forward-looking statement"
An independent contractor is a natural person, business or corporation which provides goods or services to another entity under terms specified in a contract. Unlike an employee, an independent contractor does not work regularly for an employer but works as and when required during which time, he or she may be subject to the Law of Agency. ...more on Wikipedia about "Independent contractor"
A joint venture (often abbreviated JV, and sometimes known by the older term joint adventure) is a strategic alliance between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together. The parties agree to create a new entity together by both contributing equity, and they then share in the revenues, expenses, and control of the enterprise. The venture can be for one specific project only, or a continuing business relationship such as the Sony Ericsson joint venture. ...more on Wikipedia about "Joint venture"
Jurisdictional strike is a concept in United States labor law that refers to a ...more on Wikipedia about "Jurisdictional strike"
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