Capital

Capital has a number of related meanings in economics, finance and accounting. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capital (economics)"

In economics, accounting and Marxian economics, capital accumulation is often equated with investment, especially in real capital goods. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capital accumulation"

The capital controversy refers to a debate in economics concerning the nature and role of capital goods (or means of production) that occurred during the 1960s, largely between economists such as Joan Robinson and Piero Sraffa at the University of Cambridge in England and economists such as Paul Samuelson and Robert Solow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, MA. It is thus sometimes called the Cambridge capital controversy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capital controversy"

Capital deepening is a term used in economics to describe an economy where capital per worker is increasing, it is an increase in the capital intensity. Capital deepening is often measured by the capital stock per labour hour. Overall, the economy will expand, and productivity per worker will increase. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capital deepening"

Capital expenditures ("CAPEX") are expenditures used by a company to acquire or upgrade physical assets such as equipment, property, industrial buildings. In accounting, a capital expenditure is added to an asset account (i.e. capitalized), thus increasing the asset's basis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capital expenditure"

Capital flight, in economics, occurs when assets and/or money rapidly flow out of a country, due to an economic event that disturbs investors and causes them to lower their valuation of the assets in that country, or otherwise to lose confidence in its economic strength. This leads to a disappearance of wealth and is usually accompanied by a sharp drop in the exchange rate of the affected country ( devaluation). ...more on Wikipedia about "Capital flight"

Capital formation is a term used in national accounts statistics and macroeconomics. It basically refers to the net additions to the capital stock, or, to the value of the increase of the capital stock; though it may occasionally also refer to the total stock of capital formed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capital formation"

Capital intensity is the term in economics for the amount of fixed or real capital present in relation to other factors of production, especially labor. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capital intensity"

Consumption of fixed capital (CFC) is a term used in business accounts, tax assessments and national accounts for depreciation of fixed assets. CFC is used in preference to "depreciation" to emphasize that fixed capital is used up in the process of generating new output; CFC may include other costs incurred in using fixed assets beyond actual depreciation charges. Normally the term applies only to producing enterprises, but sometimes it applies also to real estate assets. ...more on Wikipedia about "Consumption of fixed capital"

Financial capital, or economic capital, is any liquid medium or mechanism that represents wealth, or other styles of capital. A contract regarding any combination of capital asset is called a financial instrument, and may serve as a ...more on Wikipedia about "Financial capital"

Fixed capital is a concept in economics and accounting, first theoretically analysed in some depth by the economist David Ricardo. It refers to any kind of real or physical capital that is not used up in the production of a product. It is contrasted with circulating capital. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fixed capital"

Human capital is a way of defining and categorizing peoples' skills and abilities as used in employment and otherwise contribute to the economy. Many early economic theories refer to it simply as labour, one of three factors of production, and consider it to be a commodity -- homogeneous and easily interchangeable. But other conceptions of labor are more sophisticated. ...more on Wikipedia about "Human capital"

Infrastructural capital refers to any physical means of production or means of protection beyond that which can be gathered or found directly in nature, i.e. beyond natural capital and that which is not considered as " fluid capital". It may include tools, clothing, shelter, irrigation systems, dams, roads, boats, ports, factories or any physical improvements made to nature. This term can overlap with the notion of internal improvements and public works. ...more on Wikipedia about "Infrastructural capital"

Intellectual capital is a term with various definitions in different theories of economics. Accordingly its only truly neutral definition is as a debate over economic " intangibles". Ambiguous combinations of instructional capital and individual capital employed in productive enterprise are usually what is meant by the term, when it is used to actually refer to a capital asset whose yield is intellectual rights. ...more on Wikipedia about "Intellectual capital"

Liquid Capital, or Fluid capital is a readily convertible asset, such as money or other bearer economic instruments, as opposed to a long term asset like real estate. Liquid capital may be held by individuals, companies, or governments. ...more on Wikipedia about "Liquid capital"

Natural capital is a metaphor for the mineral, plant, and animal formations of the Earth's biosphere when viewed as a means of production of oxygen, water filter, erosion preventer, or provider of other natural services. It is one approach to ecosystem valuation, an alternative to the traditional view of all non-human life as passive natural resources, and to the idea of ecological health. However, human knowledge and understanding of the natural environment is never complete, and therefore the boundaries of natural capital expand or contract as knowledge is gained or lost. ...more on Wikipedia about "Natural capital"

In general physical capital refers to any non-human asset made by humans and then used in production. Often, it refers to economic capital in some ambiguous combination of infrastructural capital and natural capital. As these are combined in process-specific and firm-specific ways that neoclassical macro-economics does not differentiate at its level of analysis, it is common to refer only to physical vs. human capital and seek so-called " balanced growth" that develops both in tandem. ...more on Wikipedia about "Physical capital"

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