Carcinogens Carcinogens Aristolochic acid is a rodent carcinogen found in the Aristolochia and Asarum species, both in the Aristolochiaceae family of plants. Aristolochic acid is composed of a ~1:1 mixture of two forms, aristolochic acid I and aristolochic acid II. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aristolochic acid"
Benzo[a]pyrene, C20 H12, is a five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is mutagenic and highly carcinogenic. It is a crystalline yellow solid. Benzo[a]pyrene is a product of incomplete combustion at temperatures between 300 and 600° C. Is found in coal tar, in automobile exhaust fumes (especially from diesel engines), tobacco smoke, and in charbroiled food. Recent studies have revealed that levels of benzopyrene in burnt toast are significantly higher than once thought. ...more on Wikipedia about "Benzopyrene"
In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. Carcinogens are also often, but not necessarily, mutagens or teratogens. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carcinogen"
Hexamethylphosphoramide (abbreviated HMPA) is a clear, colorless, organic liquid with an aromatic odour. Its chemical formula is [(CH3)2N]3PO. It is used as a polymer solvent, as a selective solvent for gases, stabilizer in polystyrene against thermal degradation, as a laboratory solvent for organometalic and organic reactions, and other applicatons. It has been tested as a fire retardant and as an insect chemosterilant, but there is no known current use of HMPA for these applications. It is useful for improving the selectivity of certain organic reactions, for instance in some deprotonation reactions it is used as an additive to break up the oligomers of lithium bases such as butyl lithium. Also because HMPA solvates cations so well, while not solvating anions it has been used as a solvent for some difficult SN2 reactions where an electrophilic substrate is being reacted with a nucleophile. The basic oxygen atom in HMPA coordinates strongly to lithium cation. A molybdenum peroxide complex of HMPA is used in synthetic chemistry sometimes as an oxidant. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hexamethylphosphoramide"
Kepone (also known as Chlordecone) was a carcinogenic insecticide related to mirex, used between 1966 and 1975 in the USA for ant and roach baits. It was produced by Allied Signal Company in Hopewell, Virginia and produced nationwide pollution controversy due to improper handling and dumping of the substance. Its use was banned in 1975. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kepone"
Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the IARC as Group 1: The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of IARC Group 1 carcinogens"
Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the IARC as Group 2A: The agent (mixture) is probably carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some cases, an agent (mixture) may be classified in this category when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence that the carcinogenesis is mediated by a mechanism that also operates in humans. Exceptionally, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance may be classified in this category solely on the basis of limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of IARC Group 2A carcinogens"
Evergreen shortopedia!!!
Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the IARC as Group 2B: The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of IARC Group 2B carcinogens"
Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the IARC as Group 3: The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of IARC Group 3 carcinogens"
Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the IARC as Group 4: The agent (mixture) is probably not carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents or mixtures for which there is evidence suggesting lack of carcinogenicity in humans and in experimental animals. In some instances, agents or mixtures for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but evidence suggesting lack of carcinogenicity in experimental animals, consistently and strongly supported by a broad range of other relevant data, may be classified in this group. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of IARC Group 4 carcinogens"
Methylcholanthrene is a highly carcinogenic poly- cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon produced by roasting meat at very high temperatures. Methylcholanthrene is used in laboratory studies of chemical carcinogenesis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Methylcholanthrene"
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (abbreviated NNK) is a nitrosamine present in tobacco that is a potent procarcinogen. It is activated by CYP2A6. It is a biomarker of exposure to cigarette smoke. ...more on Wikipedia about "NNK"
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemical compounds that consist of fused aromatic rings and do not contain heteroatoms or carry substituents. Many of them are known or suspected carcinogens. They are formed by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels such as wood, coal, diesel, fat, or tobacco. The simplest PAH is benzocyclobutene ( 8 6). ...more on Wikipedia about "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon"
Thalidomide is a drug that was sold during the late 1950s and 1960s as a sleeping aid and to pregnant women as an antiemetic to combat morning sickness and other symptoms. It was synthesized in West Germany in 1953 and marketed by the Stolberg-near- Aachen-based pharmaceutical company Grünenthal from October 1, 1957 to 1961, mainly in Germany and Britain. It was available in around fifty countries, although not in the United States, under at least forty names (such as Distaval, Talimol, Kevadon, Nibrol, Sedimide, Quietoplex, Contergan, Neurosedyn, etc.). ...more on Wikipedia about "Thalidomide"
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
N-Nitrosonornicotine
It uses material from the Wikipedia . Direct links to the original articles are in the text.
If you use exact copy or modified of this article you should preserve above paragraph and put also : It uses material from
the Shortopedia article about "Carcinogens".
MAIN PAGE
MAIN INDEX
CONTACT US