Carians Carians Ada of Caria ( 4th century BC) came to power as the ruler of the large and profitable provincial capital city of Halicarnassus in Caria, a satrapy of the Persian Empire at a time when Darius was actively seeking to conquer it. Ada's armies put up little resistance and were quickly dispatched, leaving the port city under Persian occupation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ada of Caria"
Artemisia of Caria (in Greek Aρτεμισια; died 350 BC) was the sister, wife, and successor of the Carian prince Mausolus. She was the daughter of Hecatomnus, and after the death of her husband, she reigned for two years, from 352 to 350 BC. Her administration was conducted on the same principles as that of her husband, whence she supported the oligarchical party in the island of Rhodes. She is renowned in history for her extraordinary grief at the death of her husband Mausolus. She is said to have mixed his ashes in her daily drink, and to have gradually died away in grief during the two years that she survived him. She induced the most eminent Greek rhetoricians to proclaim his praise in their oratory; and to perpetuate his memory she built at Halicarnassus the celebrated monument, Mausoleum, which was regarded as one of the seven wonders of the world, and whose name subsequently became the generic term for any splendid sepulchral monument. Another celebrated monument was erected by her in the island of Rhodes, to commemorate her success in making herself mistress of the island. The Rhodians, after recovering their liberty, made it inaccessible, whence it was called in later times the Aβατoν. ...more on Wikipedia about "Artemisia of Caria"
The Carians ( Greek Καρες Kares, or Καρικοι Karikoi) were the eponymous inhabitants of Caria. According to tradition, the Carians were named after Car, one of their legendary early kings ( Herodotus, 1.171). Classical Greeks would often claim that Caria was originally colonized by Ionian Greeks, but it seems rather that the Carians were settled in the region before the Greeks. Homer records that Miletus (later an Ionian city) was a Carian city at the time of the Trojan War ( Iliad, 2.865), and Herodotus (1.171) recorded that Carians believed themselves to be aborigenes of Caria. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carians"
Hecatomnus (in Greek Eκατoμνως; lived 4th century BC) was king or dynast of Caria in the reign of Artaxerxes II of Persia ( 404– 358 BC). He was appointed by the Persian king to command the naval forces destined to take part in the war against Evagoras of Cyprus ; but the operations of the war were at that time allowed to linger; and it appears that Hecatomnus himself shared in the spirit of disaffection towards Persia at that time so general; as when hostilities were at length resumed in earnest against Evagoras, he not only took no part in support of the Persian monarchy, but secretly supplied Evagoras with sums of money to raise mercenary troops. No notice, however, seems to have been taken of this act of treachery, a circumstance for which the disorganised state of the Persian monarchy will fully account: and Hecatomnus continued to hold possession of Caria in a state of virtual independence until his death. The date of this cannot be ascertained with certainty, but we learn from Isocrates that he was still ruling in 380 BC. He left three sons, Mausolus, Idrieus, and Pixodarus, all of whom, in their turn, succeeded him in the sovereignty; and two daughters, Artemisia and Ada, who were married to their brothers Mausolus and Idrieus. Hecatomnus was a native of Mylasa, and made that city his capital and the seat of his government: hence we find on his coins the figure of Zeus Labrandenos (represented as walking and carrying a bipennis over his shoulder), from the celebrated temple of that name near Mylasa. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hecatomnus"
Idrieus (in Greek Ιδριευς; died in 344 BC) was king or dynast of Caria. He was the second son of Hecatomnus, and succeeded to the throne on the death of Artemisia, the widow of his brother Mausolus, in 351 BC. Shortly after his accession he was required by the Persian king, Artaxerxes III Ochus, to fit out an armament for the reduction of Cyprus, a request with which he readily complied; and haying equipped a fleet of 40 triremes, and assembled an army of 8000 mercenary troops, despatched them against Cyprus, under the command of Evagoras and the Athenian general Phocion. This is the only event of his reign which is recorded to us; but we may infer, from an expression of Isocrates, in 346 BC , that the friendly relations between him and the Persian king did not long continue: they appear to have come even to an open rupture. But the hostility of Persia did not interfere with prosperity, for he is spoken of by Isocrates in the same passage as one of the most wealthy and powerful of the princes of Asia; and Demosthenes tells us that he had added to his hereditary dominions the important islands of Chios, Cos, and Rhodes. He died of disease in 344 BC, after a reign of seven years, leaving the sovereign power, by his will, to his sister Ada, to whom he had been married. ...more on Wikipedia about "Idrieus"
Mausolus ( Greek: Μαύσωλος; also Maussollus) was a satrap of the Persian empire and virtual ruler of Caria ( 377- 353/ 352 BC). ...more on Wikipedia about "Mausolus"
Pixodarus (in Greek Πιξωδαρoς; ruled 340– 335 BC), a prince or king of Caria, was the youngest of the three sons of Hecatomnus, all of whom successively held the sovereignty of their native coutry. Pixodarus obtained possession of the throne by the expulsion of his sister Ada, the widow and successor of her brother Idrieus, and held it without opposition for a period of five years, 340– 335 BC. He cultivated the friendship of Persia, gave his daughter in marriage to a Persian named Orontobates, whom he even seems to have admitted to some share in the sovereign power during his own lifetime. But he did not neglect to court the alliance of other powers also, and endeavoured to secure the powerful friendship of Philip II, king of Macedonia, by offering the hand of his eldest daughter in marriage to Arrhidaeus, the illegitimate son of the Macedonian monarch. The discontent of the young Alexander at this period led him to offer himself as a suitor for the Carian princess instead of his natural brother — an overture which was eagerly embraced by Pixodarus, but the indignant interference of Philip put an end to the whole scheme. Pixodarus died — apparently a natural death — some time before the landing of Alexander in Asia, 334 BC: and was succeeded by his son-in-law Orontobates. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pixodarus of Caria"
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