Cave geology Cave geology Anthodites are extremely rare cave formations that form in limestone. The name is derived from the Greek word which means "flower like". Composed of calcium-carbonate, anthodites grow approximately one centimeter every 1000 years. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anthodite"
Cave Popcorn, or cave coral, is a very common cave formation. It actually comes in many sizes, shapes, and colors, but is most often found in small, knobby clusters of resembling popcorn. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cave popcorn"
The Cave Research Foundation (CRF) is an American private, non-profit group dedicated to the exploration, research, and conservation of caves. The group arose in the early 1950s from the exploration efforts at Floyd Collins Crystal Cave, now within Mammoth Cave National Park. Its stated goals were to: to promote exploration and documentation of caves and karst areas, initiate and support cave and karst research, aid in cave conservation and protection, and to assist with the interpretation of caves and karst to the public. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cave Research Foundation"
Dogtooth spar is a speleothem found in limestone caves that consists of very large calcite crystals resembling dogs' teeth (hence the name). They are usually found near standing water, where crystals can grow for a very long time. Most caves with dogtooth spar have seasonal flooding. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dogtooth spar"
Flowstones (commonly known as Shawls by cavers) are composed of sheetlike deposits of calcite formed where water flows down the walls or along the floors of a cave. They are found in "solution", or limestone caves. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flowstone"
A Grotto, when it is not an artificial garden feature, is a small cave, usually near water and often flooded or liable to flood at high tide. The Grotta Azzura at Capri and the grotto of the villa of Tiberius in the Bay of Naples are outstanding natural seashore grottoes. Tiberius filled his grotto with sculptures to recreate a mythological setting, perhaps Polyphemus' cave in the Odyssey. The numinous quality of the grotto is more ancient, of course. In a grotto near Knossos in Crete, Eileithyia had been venerated even before Minoan palace-building, and farther back the grotto is an aspect of the sacred caves of Lascaux. ...more on Wikipedia about "Grotto"
A helictite is a speleothem found in limestone caves that changes its axis from the vertical at one or more stages during its growth. They have a curving or angular form that looks as if they were grown in zero gravity. They are most likely the result of capillary forces acting on tiny water droplets, a force often strong enough at this scale to defy gravity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Helictite"
Karst topography is a landscape of distinctive dissolution patterns often marked by underground drainages. These are areas where the bedrock has a soluble layer or layers, usually, but not always, of carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. In such places there may be little or no surface drainage. Some areas of karst topography, such as the region of southern Missouri and northern Arkansas in the USA, contain literally thousands of caves. ...more on Wikipedia about "Karst topography"
===Principles of Geology=== ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in geology"
Moonmilk is a white, cheese-like substance found inside caves. It is similar to other deposits, but its unique quality is that it does not harden or turn to stone. Analysis of the material has revealed a variety minerals. ...more on Wikipedia about "Moonmilk"
Snottites or snotties are colonies of single-celled extremophilic bacteria that hang from the walls and ceilings of caves (similar to small stalactites, but with the consistency of "snot", or mucous). They digest sulfur compounds in warm water in the cave, and slowly drip down from above. Because of this, they are highly acidic, some with the corrosive properties of battery acid. ...more on Wikipedia about "Snottite"
A soda straw is a speleothem in the form of a hollow mineral tube. They grow in places where water leaches slowly through cracks in rock, such as on the roofs of caves. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soda straw"
Speleology is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, their make-up, structure, physical properties, history, life forms, and the processes by which they form ( speleogenesis) and change over time ( speleomorphology). ...more on Wikipedia about "Speleology"
A speleothem (from the Greek for "cave deposit") is a formal term for what is also known as a cave formation, or amongst cavers, collectively known as pretties. They are the result of the interactions among water, rock, and air within caves. ...more on Wikipedia about "Speleothem"
A stalactite ( Greek stalaktos, "dripping" "Σταλακτίτης"), or dripstone, is a type of speleothem that hangs from the ceiling or wall of limestone caves. ...more on Wikipedia about "Stalactite"
A stalagmite (from the Greek stalagma, "drop") is a type of speleothem that rises from the floor of a limestone cave due to the dripping of mineralized solutions and the depositation of calcium carbonate. The corresponding formation on the ceiling of a cave is known as a stalactite. If these formations grow together, meeting in the middle, the result is known as a column or pillar. ...more on Wikipedia about "Stalagmite"
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