Chemical kinetics

In a chemical reaction, a reactant is considered to be in abundance if the quantity of that substance is high and virtually unchanged by the reaction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Abundance (chemistry)"

In acid catalysis and base catalysis a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an acid or a base. The acid is often the proton and the base is often a hydroxyl ion. Typical reactions catalysed by proton transfer are esterfications and aldol reactions. In these reactions the conjugate acid of the carbonyl group is a better electrophile than the neutral carbonyl group itself. Catalysis by either acid or base can occur in two different ways: specific catalysis and general catalysis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acid catalysis"

The activation energy in chemistry and biology is the threshold energy, or the energy that must be overcome in order for a chemical reaction to occur. Activation energy may otherwise be denoted as the minimum energy necessary for a specific chemical reaction to occur. The activation energy of a reaction is usually denoted by Ea. ...more on Wikipedia about "Activation energy"

The Arrhenius equation is a simple, but remarkably accurate, formula for the temperature dependence of a chemical reaction rate. It was first proposed by the Dutch chemist J. H. van't Hoff in 1884; five years later, the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius provided a physical justification and interpretation for it. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arrhenius equation"

The Brønsted catalysis equation or law or correlation, after Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted, gives the relationship between acid stength and catalytic activity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brønsted catalysis equation"

A chain reaction is a sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chain reaction"

A chemical clock is a complex mixture of reacting chemical compounds in which the concentration of one component shows an abrupt change accompanied by a visible color effect. The onset of the color change may be used to tell time. Examples of clock reactions are the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction and the iodine clock reaction. The reactions are oscillatory, and the concentration of products and reactants can be approximated in terms of damped oscillators. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chemical clock"

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In physical chemistry, chemical kinetics or reaction kinetics study reaction rates in a chemical reaction. Analysing the influence of different reaction conditions on the reaction rate gives information about the reaction mechanism and the transition state of a chemical reaction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chemical kinetics"

CHEMKIN is a software tool for solving complex chemical kinetics problems. It is used worldwide in the microelectronics, automotive, combustion, and chemical processing industries. It was developed at Sandia National Laboratories. ...more on Wikipedia about "CHEMKIN"

COSILAB is a software tool for solving complex chemical kinetics problems. It is used worldwide in research and industry, in particular in automotive, combustion, and chemical processing applications. ...more on Wikipedia about "COSILAB"

In chemical kinetics, the Curtin-Hammett principle states that, for a reaction that has a pair of reactive intermediates or reactants that interconvert rapidly (as is usually the case for conformers), each going to a different product, the product ratio will depend only on the difference in the free energy of the transition state going to each product, and not on the equilibrium constant between the intermediates. ...more on Wikipedia about "Curtin-Hammett principle"

The Damköhler numbers (Da) are dimensionless numbers used in chemical engineering to relate chemical reaction timescale to other phenomena occurring in a system. ...more on Wikipedia about "Damköhler numbers"

In chemistry, dynamic stereochemistry studies the effect of stereochemistry on the reaction rate of a chemical reaction. Stereochemistry is involved in: ...more on Wikipedia about "Dynamic stereochemistry"

The Eyring equation in chemical kinetics relates the reaction rate to temperature. It was developed by Henry Eyring. This equation follows from his transition state theory and contrary to the empirical Arrhenius equation this model is theoretical. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eyring equation"

In chemical kinetics a free-energy relationship or linear Gibbs energy relation relates the common logarithm of a reaction rate constant (which is proportional to the activation energy) for one series of reactions with the logarithm of the equilibrium constant (which is proportional to the Gibbs free energy) for a related series of reactions. Establishing free-energy relationships helps understanding the reaction mechanism for a chemical reaction and makes it possible to predict reaction rates and equilibrium constants. ...more on Wikipedia about "Free-energy relationship"

In chemical kinetics, the frequency factor or A factor is the pre-exponential constant in the Arrhenius equation, which indicates how many collisions between reactants have the correct orientation to lead to the products. The frequency factor is usually designated by A. ...more on Wikipedia about "Frequency factor (chemistry)"

The Hammond-Leffler Postulate was formulated by G. S. Hammond (then at the California Institute of Technology) and J. E. Leffler ( Florida State University) and states that the structure of a transition state resembles that of the species nearest to it in free energy. That is to say that the transition state of an endergonic reaction resembles the products, while that of an exergonic reaction resembles the reactants. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hammond-Leffler postulate"

In chemistry initiation is a chemical reaction that triggers one or more secondary reactions. Often the initiation reaction generates a reactive intermediate from a stable molecule which is then involved in secondary reactions. In polymerisation, initiation is followed by a chain reaction and termination. ...more on Wikipedia about "Initiation (chemistry)"

The Iodine clock reaction or Landolt reaction is a classical chemical clock demonstration experiment to display chemical kinetics in action discovered in 1886 . Two clear solutions are mixed and at first there is no visible reaction, but after a short time delay, the liquid suddenly turns dark. The iodine clock reaction exists in several variations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Iodine clock reaction"

The kinetic isotope effect is a variation in the rate of a chemical reaction when an atom in one of the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kinetic isotope effect"

A ladder-up reaction is a series of chain reactions. Typically, it is when a low burning substance is used to light a hotter-burning substance whose fire point its burning temperature overlaps. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ladder-up reaction"

Mass action in science is the idea that a large number of small units (especially atoms or molecules) acting randomly by themselves can in fact have a larger pattern. For example, consider a cloud of gas is moving in a given direction. Individual molecules will move in a semi- random walk, but if taken as a whole, they have direction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mass action"

In chemistry, a multi component reaction (or MCR) is a chemical reaction where three or more compounds react to form a single product. ...more on Wikipedia about "Multi component reaction"

Neighbouring group participation or NGP in organic chemistry has been defined by IUPAC as the interaction of a reaction centre with a lone pair of electrons in an atom or the electrons present in a sigma bond or pi bond . When NGP is in operation it is normal for the reaction rate to be increased. It is also possible for the stereochemistry of the reaction to be abnormal (or unexpected) when compared with a normal reaction. While it is possible for neighbouring groups to influence many reactions in organic chemistry (For instance the reaction of a diene such as cyclohex-1,3-diene with maleic anhydride normally gives the exo isomer because of a secondary effect {overlap of the carbonyl group π orbitals with the transition state in the Diels-Alder reaction} this page is limited to neighbouring group effects seen with carbocations and SN2 reactions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Neighbouring group participation"

Non-thermal microwave effects have been posited in order to explain unusual observations in microwave chemistry. As the name suggests, the effects are supposed not to require the transfer of microwave energy into thermal energy. Instead, the microwave energy itself directly couples to energy modes within the molecule or lattice. Non-thermal effects in liquids are almost certainly non-existent , as the time for energy redistribution between molecules in a liquid is much less than the period of a microwave oscillation. A recent review has illustrated this in application to organic chemistry . ...more on Wikipedia about "Non-thermal microwave effect"

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