Chemical reactions Chemical reactions In chemistry an activated complex is a transitional structure in a chemical reaction that results from an effective collision between molecules and that persists while old bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming. It is therefore a range of molecular geometries along the reaction coordinate: ...more on Wikipedia about "Activated complex"
In internal combustion engines, the air-fuel ratio refers to the proportion of air and fuel present during combustion. The chemically optimal point at which this happens is the stoichiometric ratio (sometimes refered to as stoich). ...more on Wikipedia about "Air-fuel ratio"
Aluminothermic reactions are exothermic chemical reactions using aluminium as the reducing agent at high temperature. The most prominent example is the thermite reaction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aluminothermic reaction"
Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule. This can occur in a number of ways including reaction with ammonia or another amine such as an alkylation, reductive amination and the Mannich reaction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amination"
Amine gas treating is a means to remove organosulfur and other undesirable compounds from acid gas by contacting the gas with amine. It is a common process in an oil refinery or in natural gas production. The amine absorbs H2S and other compounds, and the "rich" amine is then regenerated by steam stripping to produce regenerated or "lean" amine, along with an acid gas with a higher H2S concentration which is then usually processed by the Claus process to convert it into sulfur. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amine gas treating"
Aminoacylation is the process of adding an aminoacyl group to a compound. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aminoacylation"
Anaerobic decomposition is the reduction of the net energy level and change in chemical composition of organic matter caused by microorganisms in an oxygen-free environment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anaerobic decomposition"
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A Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, or BZ reaction, is one of a class of reactions that result in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator. The only common element in these oscillating systems are the inclusion of bromine and an acid. The reactions are theoretically important in that they show that chemical reactions do not have to be dominated by equilibrium thermodynamic behavior. These reactions are far from equilibrium and remain so for a length of time. In this sense, they provide an interesting chemical model of nonequilibrium biological phenomena, and the mathematical model of the BZ reactions themselves are of theoretical interest. ...more on Wikipedia about "Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction"
The Born-Haber cycle is a famous cycle of chemical reactions, first developed by Max Born and the German chemist Fritz Haber in 1917. ...more on Wikipedia about "Born-Haber cycle"
Calciothermic reactions are thermic chemical reactions which use calcium metal as the reducing agent at high temperature. ...more on Wikipedia about "Calciothermic reaction"
Carbothermic reactions are thermic chemical reactions which use carbon as the reducing agent at high temperature. The most prominent example is used in iron ore smelting. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbothermic reaction"
Chemical decomposition or analysis is the fragmentation of a chemical compound into elements or smaller compounds. It is sometimes defined as the opposite of a synthesis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chemical decomposition"
A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical substances . The substance(s) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. Chemical reactions are characterized by a chemical change and it yields one or more product(s) which are different from the reactants. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that strictly involve the motion of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds, although the general concept of a chemical reaction, in particular the notion of a chemical equation, is applicable to transformations of elementary particles, as well as nuclear reactions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chemical reaction"
In chemistry a chemical transformation shows the conversion of a substrate to a product omitting the reagents and catalysts or underlying reaction mechanism as opposed to a chemical reaction. The phrase Chemical transformation is used in a more general sense when reaction specifics are not relevant or not available. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chemical transformation"
Chemical reactions are defined usually in small contexts (only up to a small number of neighbouring atoms), such generalizations are a matter of utility. The preferential outcome of one instance of a generalized reaction over a set of other plausible reactions, is defined as chemoselectivity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chemoselectivity"
A Combination Reaction or a Synthesis Reaction is a general category of a chemical reaction (the term usually refers to an inorganic chemical reaction), in which two or more reagents are chemically bonded together to produce a single product. ...more on Wikipedia about "Combination reaction"
In a conrotatory mode of an electrocyclic reaction (a class of organic chemical reactions) the substituents located at the termini of a conjugated double bond system move in the same ( clockwise or counter clockwise) direction during ring opening or ring closure. ...more on Wikipedia about "Conrotatory"
A controlled factor in chemistry is a part of a chemical reaction that is kept the same throughout all tests. ...more on Wikipedia about "Controlled factor"
Deprotonation is a chemistry term that refers to the removal of a proton ( hydrogen ion H+) from a molecule, forming the conjugate base. The relative ability for a molecule to give up a proton is measured by a pK value. A low pK value indicates that the compound is acidic and will easilly give up its proton to a base. The pK of a compound is determined by many things, but most significantly impacted by the conjugate base's ability (or inability) to stabilize the negative charge through resonance. ...more on Wikipedia about "Deprotonation"
Dismutation is a chemical reaction in which a single compound serves both as an oxidizing and a reducing agent. Also known as disproportionation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dismutation"
In a chemical double displacement reaction (double replacement, metathesis, or ion exchange reactions) two compounds swap ions, effectively displacing each other to form two new compounds, thus the name. The general formula is Ax + By → Bx + Ay. For example: ...more on Wikipedia about "Double displacement reaction"
A dry media reaction or solid-state reaction is a chemical reaction system in the absence of a solvent. The drive for the development of dry media reactions in chemistry is ...more on Wikipedia about "Dry media reaction"
In chemistry, an endothermic reaction is one in which the products have more energy than the reactants, and thus a net input of energy, usually in the form of heat, is required. Endothermic reactions are often described as reactions that "feel cold", and contrast with exothermic reactions, in which heat is released. ...more on Wikipedia about "Endothermic reaction"
An entropic explosion is an explosion in which the reactants undergo a large change in volume without releasing a large amount of heat. The chemical decomposition of Triacetone Triperoxide or TATP is an example of an entropic explosion. It is not a thermochemically highly favored event (not much energy generated in chemical bond formation in reaction products). It rather involves an entropy burst, which is the result of formation of one ozone and three acetone gas phase molecules from every molecule of TATP in the solid state. ...more on Wikipedia about "Entropic explosion"
Ethoxylation is a chemical process in which ethylene oxide ( IUPAC name: 1,2-epoxyethane) is added to fatty acids in order to make them more soluble in water. An example is the ethoxylation of sodium dodecyl sulphate to form sodium laureth sulphate, which is used as a foaming agent in shampoos and toothpastes, and as an industrial detergent. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethoxylation"
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