Chemical substances Chemical substances An acid (from Arabic Azait meaning oil, often represented by the generic formula AH) is typically a water-soluble, sour-tasting chemical compound. In common usage an acid is any substance that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH of less than 7. In general scientific usage an acid is a molecule or ion that is able to give up a proton (H+ ion) to a base, or accept an unshared pair of electrons from a base. An acid reacts with a base in a neutralization reaction to form a salt. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acid"
In chemistry, an adsorbate is a material or substance that is capable of being adhered to or absorbed on a surface of an absorbent. The quantity of adsorbate adsorbed depends on several factors : adsorbent type, adsorbate type, adsorbent size, adsorbate concentration, and temperature. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adsorbate"
ALD-52 or N- acetyl-LSD, is a chemical analogue of LSD-25 (D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide), discovered by Albert Hofmann, but later just filed away. ...more on Wikipedia about "ALD-52"
A binary compound is a chemical compound consisting of only atoms of two different elements, e.g.: NaCl (Sodium Chloride) is a binary compound, as it is an ionically bound compound made up of two elements, and happens to be what we commonly know as table salt. Binaries are the simplest possible compounds and thus lend themselves well to theoretical studies. Detailed quantum mechanical calculations have been done for such molecules. ...more on Wikipedia about "Binary compound"
Clathrate hydrates are a class of solids in which gas molecules occupy "cages" made up of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. These "cages" are unstable when empty, collapsing into conventional ice crystal structure, but they are stabilised by the inclusion of the gas molecule within them. Most low molecular weight gases (including 2, 2, CO2, CH4, H2 S, , , and ) will form a hydrate under some pressure-temperature conditions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clathrate hydrate"
Eye black is a grease applied under the eyes to reduce glare. It is often used by baseball and American football players, where sunlight or stadium lights can impair vision of an airborne ball. Traditional grease consists of beeswax, paraffin, and carbon. Patented antiglare stickers that emulate the grease are also manufactured, sometimes with a sports team logo printed on. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eye black"
While all the substances on this list are real-world items, all of them have gained additional or unusual properties in works of fiction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fictional applications of real materials"
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Fictional chemical substances are compounds or minerals that exist only in works of fiction (usually fantasy or science fiction). Some of the materials listed as elements below may indeed be elements, but fictional works are often vague on such distinctions. Grouping is done by what seems most likely. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fictional chemical substance"
A fictional chemical element is a chemical element, isotope or (sub)atomic particles that exist only in works of fiction (usually fantasy or science fiction). It should be noted that no actual periodic elements end in '-ite', though many minerals have names with this suffix. Some of the materials listed as elements below may indeed be minerals, alloys, or other such combinations, but fictional works are often vague on such distinctions. Grouping is done by what seems most likely. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fictional elements, isotopes and atomic particles"
In the role-playing game Exalted, there are Five Magical Materials that are used to forge artifacts and weapons. Each of the materials is associated with a type of Exalted, as well as one of the castes of Alchemical Exalted, who are partially constructed from that material. ...more on Wikipedia about "Five Magical Materials"
Fullerene purification is the art of obtaining a fullerene compound free of contamination. In fullerene production mixtures of C60, C70 and higher homologues are always formed. Fullerene purification is key to fullerene science and determines fullerene prices and the success of practical applications of fullerenes. The first available purification method for C60 fullerene was by HPLC from which small amounts could be generated at large expense. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fullerene purification"
An inhibitor is a type of effector (biology) that decreases or prevents the rate of a chemical reaction. They are often called negative catalysts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Inhibitor"
Isotopologues (not to be confused with isotopomers) are chemical species that differ only in the isotopic composition of their molecules or ions. An example is water, where three of its hydrogen-related isotopologues are: HOH, HOD and DOD. Simply, the isotopologue of a chemical species has at least one atom with a different number of neutrons. ...more on Wikipedia about "Isotopologue"
A petrochemical is any chemical derived from fossil fuels. These include purified fossil fuels such as methane, propane, butane, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, or fuel oil, and also include many agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers, and other items such as plastics, asphalt and synthetic fibers. Also a wide variety of industrial chemicals are petrochemicals. ...more on Wikipedia about "Petrochemical"
Shielding gases are inert or semi- inert gases that are commonly used in several welding processes, most notably gas metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding. Their purpose is to protect the weld area from atmospheric gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Depending on the materials being welded, these atmospheric gases can reduce the quality of the weld or make the welding process more difficult to use. Other arc welding processes use other methods of protecting the weld from the atmosphere as well – shielded metal arc welding, for example, uses an electrode covered in a flux that produces carbon dioxide when consumed, a semi-inert gas that is an acceptable shielding gas for welding steel. ...more on Wikipedia about "Shielding gas"
In chemistry, sodium amalgam is an amalgam, or alloy of mercury, with sodium metal. When metallic sodium is dissolved in mercury, it reacts exothermically to produce the intermetallic compound NaHg2, with enough heat to cause localised boiling of the mercury. This process is normally performed under dry nitrogen gas. This compound is a spongey grey mass, but is also soluble in mercury, allowing a more dilute, liquid amalgam to be produced. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sodium amalgam"
Spirits of Hartshorn was a name signifying originally the ammoniacal liquor obtained by the ...more on Wikipedia about "Spirits of Hartshorn"
Whitewash is a type of inexpensive paint made from slaked lime (Calcium hydroxide) and chalk (whiting). Other additives have historically included water glass, glue, salt, soap, milk and flour. Whitewash cures through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form calcite. ...more on Wikipedia about "Whitewash"
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