Chemistry theories Chemistry theories Antibonding (or anti-bonding) is a type of chemical bonding. An antibonding orbital is a form of molecular orbital (MO) that is located outside the region of two distinct nuclei. The overlap of the constituent atomic orbitals is said to be 'out of phase' and as such the electrons present in each antibonding orbital are repulsive and act to destabilize the molecule as a whole. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antibonding"
In physics, atomic theory is a theory of the nature of matter. It states that all matter is composed of atoms. The philosophical background of the atomic theory is called atomism. The theory applies to the common phases of matter, namely solids, liquids and gasses, as directly experienced on Earth. Strictly speaking, it is not the appropriate theory for plasmas or neutron stars where unusual environments such as extremes of temperature or density prevent atoms from forming. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atomic theory"
The cage effect in chemistry describes how properties of a molecule are affected by its surrounding. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cage effect (chemistry)"
Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity, often simply referred to as Hund's rule, is a principle of atomic chemistry which states that a greater total spin state usually makes the resulting atom more stable, most commonly manifested in a lower energy state, because it forces the unpaired electrons to reside in different spatial orbitals. A commonly given reason for the increased stability of high multiplicity states is that the different occupied spatial orbitals create a larger average distance between electrons, reducing electron-electron repulsion energy. In reality, it has been shown that the actual reason behind the increased stability is a decrease in the screening of electron-nuclear attractions,. Total spin state is calculated as the total number of unpaired electrons + 1, or twice the total spin + 1 written as 2s+1. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hund's rule of Maximum Multiplicity"
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change its form. ...more on Wikipedia about "Law of conservation of matter"
The Oddo-Harkins rule holds that elements with an even atomic number (such as carbon) are more common than elements with an odd atomic number (such as nitrogen). ...more on Wikipedia about "Oddo-Harkins rule"
Ring flipping (also known as ring inversion or ring reversal) is a phenomenon involving the interconversion (by rotation) about single bonds of cyclic conformers having equivalent ring shapes but not necessarily equivalent spatial positions of substituent atoms. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ring flip" The view on shortopedia. Chemistry_theories
In chemistry, structural theory explains the large variety in chemical compounds in terms of atoms making up molecules, the order in which atoms are put together in molecules and the electrons that hold them together. According to structural theory from a structural formula of a molecule alone it is possible to derive all physical and spectroscopic data and predict chemical reactivity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Structural theory"
Trouton’s rule states that the entropy of vaporization is almost the same value, about 87 J K-1 mol-1, for various kinds of liquids. The entropy of vaporization is defined as the ratio between the enthalpy of vaporization and the boiling temperature. ...more on Wikipedia about "Trouton's rule"
The valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR is a model in chemistry that aims to generally represent the shapes of individual molecules. To achieve this, it is necessary to construct a valid Lewis structure that shows all of the bonds within the molecule and the locations of lone pairs of electrons. To predict the molecular geometry, the total coordination number of the central atom is taken into account. ...more on Wikipedia about "VSEPR theory"
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