Cloning Cloning The blastula is an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consisting of a spherical layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the development sequence. A blastula has around 128 cells, with a large central cavity called the blastocoel. Also called blastosphere. A whitefish blastula is often used to help study the processes of mitosis in animal cells.The bastula is prevented from multiplying during the nuclearinjection stage. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blastula"
CC (born December 22, 2001), short for CopyCat or Carbon Copy, is a brown tabby and white domestic shorthair and the first cloned pet. CopyCat's surrogate mother is a tabby, but her clone mother, Rainbow, is a calico domestic shorthair. The hair coloration difference is due to X-inactivation. She is the only one of 87 cloned embryos that survived. Her existence was announced by the scientists in February 2002 after her survival was ascertained. ...more on Wikipedia about "CC (cat)"
Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. A clone in the biological sense, therefore, is a single cell (like bacteria, lymphocytes etc.) or multi-cellular organism that is genetically identical to another living organism. Sometimes this can refer to "natural" clones made either when an organism reproduces asexually or when two genetically identical individuals are produced by accident (as with identical twins), but in common parlance the clone is an identical copy by some conscious design. Also see clone (genetics). ...more on Wikipedia about "Cloning"
Dewey is the first cloned deer and was born on May 23, 2003. Specifically, he is a White-tailed Deer, or Odocoileus virginianus, and was cloned from a dead buck by the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dewey (deer)"
The Dickey Amendment is the name of a piece of federal legislation passed by United States Congress in 1995 which prohibits the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) from using appropriated funds for the creation of human embryos for research purposes or for research in which human embryos are destroyed. HHS funding includes the funding for National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding. Technically the Dickey Amendment is a "rider" to other legislation, which amends the original legislation. The rider receives its name from the name of the Congressman that originally introduced the amendment, Representative Jay Dickey. The Dickey amendment language has been added to each of the Labor, HHS, and Education appropriations acts for FY1997 through FY2004. The original rider can be found in Section 128 of P.L. 104-99. The wording of the rider is generally the same year after year. For FY2005, the wording prohibits HHS from using FY2005 appropriated funds for: ...more on Wikipedia about "Dickey Amendment"
Dolly ( 5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003), a ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there until her death when she was 6. Her birth was announced on 22 February 1997. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dolly the sheep"
Genes are the units of heredity in living organisms. They are encoded in the organism's genetic material (usually DNA or RNA), and control the development and behavior of the organism. During reproduction, the genetic material is passed on from the parent(s) to the offspring. Genetic material can also be passed between un-related individuals (e.g. via transfection, or on viruses). Genes encode the information necessary to construct the chemicals ( proteins etc.) needed for the organism to function. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gene"
The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) is a statutory body in the United Kingdom that regulates and inspects all UK clinics providing in vitro fertilisation, artificial insemination or the storage of human ova, sperm or embryos. It was established under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. ...more on Wikipedia about "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority"
The mule Idaho Gem was the first clone born in the horse family. Born May 4, 2003, he resulted from the collaboration of Dr. Gordon Woods and Dr. Dirk Vanderwall of the Northwest Equine Reproduction Laboratory at the University of Idaho and Dr. Ken White of Utah State University. Two more healthy mule clones were born in succeeding months as a result of Project Idaho, Utah Pioneer on June 9, and Idaho Star on July 27. The project was largely financed by Post Falls, Idaho, businessman Don Jacklin, who also served as president of the American Mule Racing Association. Idaho Gem and Idaho Star were transported to trainers in 2005 to prepare them for racing in 2006. ...more on Wikipedia about "Idaho Gem"
This is a list of animals that have been cloned in chronological order. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of animals that have been cloned"
Little Nicky (born c. October 20, 2004) is a cloned cat, believed to be the first example of successful feline cloning for commercial reasons. He was produced from the DNA of a 17-year-old cat, also named Nicky, who died in 2003. His owner, a north Texas woman named Julie (her last name was not released), claimed that his personality is similar to that of the elder Nicky, including an unusual liking for water. ...more on Wikipedia about "Little Nicky (cat)"
A morula ( Latin "morus", mulberry) is an embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of approximately 4-16 cells (called blastomeres). The morula is produced by embryonic cleavage, the rapid cell division of the zygote. The morula is a solid ball of cells; the inner blastomeres are called the "inner cell mass" and the blastomeres on the surface are called the "outer cell mass." The morula travels to the uterus, and at about 4 days after fertilization a fluid-filled space called the blastocystic cavity appears and the morula becomes a " blastocyst." ...more on Wikipedia about "Morula"
An ovum (from Latin, loosely, egg or egg cell) is a female sex cell or gamete. Both animals and seed plants have ova. The term ovule is used for the ovum of seed plants and for the young ovum of an animal. In some plants, such as algae, it is also called oosphere. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ovum"
A phagemid is a type of cloning genetics vector developed as a co-infection of the M13 helper phage and plasmids to produce a smaller version of the virus. ...more on Wikipedia about "Phagemid" http://www.shortopedia.com Dreamteam. Cloning
Prometea (born May 28, 2003) is a Haflinger foal, the first cloned horse and the first to be born from and carried by its cloning mother. Her birth was announced publicly on August 6, 2003. Born 36 kg after a natural delivery and a full-term pregnancy in Laboratory of Reproductive Technology, Cremona, Italy, Prometea at 2-month-old is 100 kg (220 pounds). ...more on Wikipedia about "Prometea"
The Roslin Institute is a government research institute near Edinburgh that is sponsored by the UK's Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). ...more on Wikipedia about "Roslin Institute"
A serial clone is a clone of a clone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Serial clone"
Snuppy (born April 24 2005) is the first cloned dog. This Afghan hound clone was created by Hwang Woo-Suk and his team of scientists at Seoul National University (SNU) in South Korea. The name "Snuppy" is a combination of "SNU" and "puppy." ...more on Wikipedia about "Snuppy"
A somatic cell is generally taken to mean any cell forming the body of an organism: the word "somatic" is derived from the Greek word sōma, meaning "body". Somatic cells, by definition, are not germline cells and cannot divide or differentiate to produce a new generation of offspring under any circumstances. In mammals, germline cells are the sperm and ova (also known as " gametes") which fuse during fertilisation to produce a cell called a zygote, from which the entire mammalian embryo develops. Every other cell type in the mammalian body – apart from the sperm and ova, the cells from which they are made (gametocytes) and undifferentiated stem cells – is a somatic cell; internal organs, skin, bones, blood and connective tissue are all made up of somatic cells. ...more on Wikipedia about "Somatic cell"
Stem cells are primal undifferentiated cells which retain the ability to differentiate into other cell types. This ability allows them to act as a repair system for the body, replenishing other cells as long as the organism is alive. ...more on Wikipedia about "Stem cell"
Cloning method in which a human egg is fertilized, and allowed to divide into more than one clone baby. The egg is then transferred to someone's uterus, and a certain number is then intentionally aborted to encourage strong fetal growth for the remaining fetus(es). ...more on Wikipedia about "Super Baby method" You've Got Questions. We've Got shortopedia.
Therapeutic cloning (also known as somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell nuclear replacement, research cloning, and embryo cloning) involves taking an egg (or oocyte) from which the nucleus has been removed, and replacing that nucleus with DNA from the cell of another organism. The result is a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original organism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Therapeutic cloning"
Tissue engineering can perhaps be best defined as the use of a combination of cells, engineering materials, and suitable biochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions in an effort to effect the advancement of medicine. Probably the first definition of tissue engineering was by Langer and Vacanti who stated it to be "an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function”. MacArthur and Oreffo (as cited in "References") defined tissue engineering as "understanding the principles of tissue growth, and applying this to produce functional replacement tissue for clinical use." A further description goes on to say that an "underlying supposition of tissue engineering is that the employment of natural biology of the system will allow for greater success in developing therapeutic strategies aimed at the replacement, repair, maintenance, and/or enhancement of tissue function." These more general definitions are driven in part by recent scientific progress with completely autologous approaches. That is, many groups (Nicolas L'Heureux at Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Julie Campbell at University of Queensland etc, Loex laboratories at the Universite of Laval etc.) are demonstrating functional tissue engineered devices/organs without using synthetic biomaterials/scaffolds. These recent approaches are clearly based more on an understanding of cell biology than materials science. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tissue engineering"
Tong Dizhou (童第周) ( May 28 1902 － March 30 1979) was a Chinese embryologist remembered for his contributions to the field of cloning. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tong Dizhou"
In placental mammals, the umbilical cord is a tube that connects a developing embryo or fetus to its placenta. It contains major arteries and veins (notably two umbilical arteries and umbilical vein, buried within Wharton's jelly) for the exchange of nutrient- and oxygen-rich blood between the embryo and placenta. When the animal is born, the umbilical cord is severed. The umbilical stub on the newborn's belly dries and comes off after a few days. It leaves only a small scar (the umbilicus) behind. In some cultures the umbilical cord is cut by the father of the baby. ...more on Wikipedia about "Umbilical cord"
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the Wikipedia . Direct links to the original articles are in the text.
If you use exact copy or modified of this article you should preserve above paragraph and put also : It uses material from
the Shortopedia article about "Cloning".
| MAIN PAGE | MAIN INDEX | CONTACT US |