Computer networks Computer networks The 6bone is an IPv6 Testbed that is an outgrowth of the IETF IPng project that created the IPv6 protocols intended to eventually replace the current Internet network layer protocols known as IPv4. The 6bone was started outside the official IETF process at the March 1996 IETF meetings, and became a world wide informal collaborative project, with eventual oversight from the "NGtrans" (IPv6 Transition) Working Group of the IETF. ...more on Wikipedia about "6bone"
"Eight-bit clean" is a term which describes a computer system that deals correctly with extended character sets which (unlike ASCII) use all eight bits of a byte, such as the ISO 8859 series and the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode. Up to the early 1990s, many programs and communications systems used to assume that all characters have codes in the range 0 to 127. This leaves the top bit of each byte free for use as a parity bit or some kind of flag bit. These assumptions make such systems unusable on text data that contains characters with higher character codes, which is commonplace in non- English-speaking countries with larger alphabets. ...more on Wikipedia about "8-bit clean"
In a computer or data transmission system, to abort means to terminate, usually in a controlled manner, a processing activity because it is impossible or undesirable for the activity to proceed. Such an action may be accompanied by diagonstic information on the aborted process. ...more on Wikipedia about "Abort (computing)"
ACF NCP stands for Advanced Communication Function - Network Control Program. It is the program that controls network communications in a standard SNA. ...more on Wikipedia about "ACF NCP"
Active2 (codenamed "CNNSlayer") is a free, open-source codebase project for the Indymedia network and its allies that would provide 'next-generation' trusted multi-language open publishing including enhanced security and privacy, customization, syndication, and distributed ( peer-to-peer) media storage, searching and streaming. ...more on Wikipedia about "Active2"
Adaptive routing describes the capability of a system, through which routes are characterised by their destination, to alter the path that the route takes through the system in response to a change in conditions. The adaptation is intended to allow as many routes as possible to remain valid (that is, have destinations that can be reached) in response to the change. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adaptive routing"
Adaptive switching mode is a user-defined facility to maximize the efficiency of the switch. Adaptive switching starts in the default switch forwarding mode you have selected (cut-through if you selected adaptive mode as the default switching mode). Depending on the number of runts and CRC errors at that port, the mode changes to the "best" of the other two switching modes. As the numbers of runts and CRC errors change, so does the forwarding mode. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adaptive switching"
The Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) is the variant of IN developed for North America by Bellcore (now Telcordia). The standardization of the AIN was performed by Bellcore on behalf of the major US operators.2 In North America the SR-3511and GR-1129-CORE protocols are used to link switches with the IN systems such as Service Control Points (SCPs) or Service Nodes. In fixed networks, IN was deployed in North America in the mid-1990. ...more on Wikipedia about "Advanced Intelligent Network"
AES47 ( IEC 62365) is an open standard that specifies a method for packing AES3 professional digital audio streams over Asynchronous Transfer Mode networks. The details of these standards can be studied at the Audio Engineering Socity standards web site by downloading courtesy copies of AES47-2002, AES-R4-2002 and AES3-2003. The change in thinking from traditional ATM network design is not to necessarily use ATM to pass IP traffic (apart from management traffic) but to use it in parallel with standard Ethernet structures to deal with extremely high performance secure media streams. From work carried out at the British Broadcasting Corporation’s ( BBC) R&D department and published as White Paper 074 , it has been established that this approach provides the necessary performance for professional media production. AES47 has been developed to allow the simultaneous transport and switched distribution of a large number of AES3 linear audio streams at different sample frequencies. AES47 can support any of the standard AES3 sample rates and word size. AES11 Annex D shows an example method to provide isochronous timing relationships for distributed AES3 structures over asynchronous networks such as AES47 where reference signals may be locked to common timing sources such as GPS. ...more on Wikipedia about "AES47"
In the parlance of Internet Protocol networking, an air gap is a logical separation of two networks. The term derives from the fact that such networks have historically not had any physical connection to eachother. However, it does apply to wireless networks; two logical networks which do not intersect, but travel over air (thus having no physical connection) are still airgapped. ...more on Wikipedia about "Air gap (networking)"
AirPort is a local area wireless networking system from Apple Computer based on the IEEE 802.11b standard (also known as Wi-Fi) and certified as compatible with other 802.11b devices. A later family of products based on the IEEE 802.11g specification is known as AirPort Extreme, offering speeds up to 54 megabits per second and interoperability with older products. ...more on Wikipedia about "AirPort"
Ambient network is a network integration solution to the modern-day problems of switching from one network to the other in order to keep in contact with the outside world. This project aims to develop a network software-driven infrastructure that will run on top of all current or future network physical infrastructures to provide a way for devices to connect to each other, and through each other to the outside world. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ambient network"
The American Information Exchange, aka AMIX, was the brainchild of economist and futurist Phil Salin. Starting in 1984, Salin worked to create an international network for the exchange of information, consulting contracts, computer code and research. He envisaged a world in which the ready exchange of expertise would reduce transaction costs, with wide-ranging beneficial effects. In particular, he predicted that information markets would reduce the need for redundant employees at different organizations, so that companies would become smaller and more efficient, relying on each other as external sources of expertise. He also expected revolutionary political changes as the markets became widely adopted. ...more on Wikipedia about "American Information Exchange"
Anycast is a network addressing and routing scheme whereby data is routed to the "nearest" or "best" destination as viewed by the routing topology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anycast"
In computer networking, an application layer firewall is a firewall operating at the application layer of a protocol stack. Generally it is a host using various forms of proxy servers to proxy traffic instead of routing it. As it works on the application layer, it may inspect the contents of the traffic, blocking what the firewall administrator views as inappropriate content, such as certain websites, viruses, attempts to exploit known logical flaws in client software, and so forth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Application layer firewall"
An Application Layer Gateway (ALG) is a SIP Back to Back User agent (B2BUA). An ALG can be used to allow firewall traversal with SIP. If the firewall has it's SIP traffic terminated on an ALG then the responsibility for permitting SIP sessions is passed onto the ALG instead of the firewall. An ALG can solve another major SIP headache and this is NAT traversal. Basically a NAT with inbuilt ALG can rewrite information within the SIP messages and can hold address bindings until the session has been terminated. ...more on Wikipedia about "Application Layer Gateway"
Application-Oriented Networking (AON) is term used to describe network devices designed to aid in computer-to-computer application integration. ...more on Wikipedia about "Application Oriented Networking"
Arbitrated Loop also known as FC-AL is a Fibre Channel topology that requires no fibre channel switches. Devices are connected in a one-way loop fashion. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arbitrated loop"
ARCNET (also CamelCased as ARCnet, an acronym from Attached Resource Computer NETwork) is a local area network (LAN) protocol, similar in purpose to Ethernet or Token Ring. ARCNET was the first widely available networking system for microcomputers and became popular in the 1980s for office automation tasks. It has since gained a following in the embedded systems market, where certain features of the protocol are especially useful. ...more on Wikipedia about "ARCNET"
The Americas Region Caribbean Optical-Ring System (ARCOS) is an underwater Fiber optics ring network connecting several countries in the Caribbean Sea. It was built by New World Network, and is one of the most important network connections to the Internet for Caribbean countries. ...more on Wikipedia about "ARCOS"
An artificial neural network (ANN), also called a simulated neural network (SNN) (but the term neural network (NN) is grounded in biology and refers to very real, highly complex plexus), is an interconnected group of artificial neurons that uses a mathematical or computational model for information processing based on a connectionist approach to computation. There is no precise agreed definition among researchers as to what a neural network is, but most would agree that it involves a network of simple processing elements ( neurons) which can exhibit complex global behaviour, determined by the connections between the processing elements and element parameters. Since anything approaching a full appreciation of neuronal function remains a distant dream, and since the factors producing global output result from many non-linear, modulating, and poorly understood real-time feedback signals within a single neuron, the greatly simplified artificial networks (where 'neurons' are modeled as input/output nodes) are perceived as academic research tools rather than even a distant representation of brain function. The original inspiration for the technique was from examination of the central nervous system and the neurons (and their axons, dendrites and synapses) which constitute one of its most significant information processing elements (see Neuroscience). In a neural network model, simple nodes (called variously "neurons", "neurodes", "PEs" ("processing elements") or "units") are connected together to form a network of nodes — hence the term "neural network". The term also includes implementations purely in software that may run on general purpose computers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Artificial neural network"
AUSTPAC is an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra. Started by the then-Telecom in the early 1980s, AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network, supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications - the Australian Tax Office has made use of AUSTPAC - and remote terminal access to academic institutions, who maintained their connections to AUSTPAC up until the mid-late 1990s in some cases. Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network. ...more on Wikipedia about "AUSTPAC"
The Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN) is a legacy data communications ...more on Wikipedia about "Automatic Digital Network"
(Available Bit Rate) A service used in ATM networks when source and destination don't need to be synchronized. ABR does not guarantee against delay or data loss. ...more on Wikipedia about "Available Bit Rate"
Backchannel is the practice of using networked computers to maintain a real-time online conversation alongside live spoken remarks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Backchannel"
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