Computer science Computer science The ACM Computing Classification Scheme is a subject classification system for the computing field developed by the ACM. The system uses a three-level tree, plus a fourth subject descriptor level. For example, "H.5.5 Sound and Music Computing". There are currently eleven first-level nodes. ...more on Wikipedia about "ACM Computing Classification Scheme"
In computer science, address space layout randomization (ASLR) is a process which entails arranging the positions of major data areas randomly in virtual address space. This can include the base of the executable, libraries, heap, and stack. The chances of an attacker guessing where any of these randomly placed areas is , where b is the number of bits of entropy used to determine the position of the data area. In many systems, can be in the thousands or millions; on modern 64-bit systems, these numbers typically reach the millions at least. ...more on Wikipedia about "Address space layout randomization"
In mathematics and computer science an algorithm is a finite set of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will terminate in a corresponding recognizable end-state. Algorithms can be implemented by computer programs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Algorithm"
Because of the youth of the discipline, there are many alternative definitions of computer science. CS can be seen either as a science, a form of mathematics, or a new discipline that cannot be categorized into pre-existing frameworks. Most people who study computer science go on to become programmers, leading some to believe that the discipline is the study of software and programming. However most computer scientists are interested in innovative or theoretical aspects of the field that go well beyond programming, and deeply into computability. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alternative definitions of computer science"
Analogy is either the cognitive process of transferring information from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from a particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction and abduction, where at least one of the premises or the conclusion is general. The word analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often, though not necessarily, a similarity, as in the biological notion of analogy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Analogy"
The art of finding the closest match, in a dictionary, for a string supplied. Usually the algorithm that does this is given a variable that specifies the biggest number of misspelled characters in the word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Approximate string matching"
Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as intelligence exhibited by an artificial entity. Such a system is generally assumed to be a computer. ...more on Wikipedia about "Artificial intelligence" Must see shortopedia
In computer science, an algorithm is said to be asymptotically optimal if, roughly speaking, for large inputs it performs at worst a constant factor worse than the best possible algorithm. It is a term commonly encountered in computer science research as a result of widespread use of big-O notation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Asymptotically optimal"
This article focuses on approaches in artificial intelligence on the problem of automated planning and scheduling. It concerns the realisation of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Unlike classical control and classification problems, the solutions are complex, unknown and have to be discovered and optimised in multidimensional space. ...more on Wikipedia about "Automated planning and scheduling"
Belady's anomaly states that it is possible to have more page faults when increasing the number of page frames while using FIFO method of frame management. Belady demonstrated this in 1970. Previously, it was believed that an increase in the number of page frames would always provide the same number or less page faults. ...more on Wikipedia about "Belady's anomaly"
In computer programming, bounds checking is the name given to any method of detecting whether or not an index given lies within the limits of an array. For example, accessing index 25 on an array of size 10 would be caught by bounds checking as an invalid index, because it does not lie within the specified size limit of the array. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bounds checking"
In computing, a buffer is a region of memory used to temporarily hold output or input data. The data can be output to or input from devices outside the computer or processes within a computer. Buffers can be implemented in either hardware or software, but the vast majority of buffers are implemented in software. Buffers are used when there is a difference between the rate at which data is received and the rate at which it can be processed, or in the case that these rates are variable. ...more on Wikipedia about "Buffer (computer science)"
:This article discusses various theoretical concepts that have been named a Chinese wall. For the ancient fortification in China, see Great Wall of China. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chinese wall"
Combinatorial chemistry involves the rapid synthesis and/or the computer simulation of a large number of different but structurally related molecules. ...more on Wikipedia about "Combinatorial chemistry" My http://www.shortopedia.com and me.
A commonsense knowledge base is a database of the types of knowledge that most people possess, represented in a way that a machine can use to make inferences with. Some existing commonsense knowledge bases include Cyc ** , ConceptNet ** , and ThoughtTreasure ** Mindpixel ** (3.5mb of text). ...more on Wikipedia about "Commonsense knowledge bases"
A compiler is a computer program that translates a series of statements written in one computer language (called the source code) into a resulting output in another computer language (often called the object or target language). ...more on Wikipedia about "Compiler"
In computer science, a computation is the evolution over time of a computer. However, the meaning of the word "computer" should be understood here in a large sense, since it does not apply only to digital computers. A typical example of a physical computation is the evolution over time of a digital computer. Other examples of physical computations are derived from quantum computers, DNA computers or molecular computers. In computer science, which is sometimes described as the discipline that studies computations, mathematical models of computers are defined; a typical model is the Turing machine. In this context, a computation thus becomes a mathematical object: the evolution over time of a Turing machine. The sub-field of computer science which studies mathematical models of computations is called the theory of computation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computation"
Computational intelligence (CI) is a branch of the study of artificial intelligence. Computational intelligence research aims to use learning, adaptive, or evolutionary computation to create programs that are, in some sense, intelligent. Computational intelligence research either explicitly rejects statistical methods (as is the case with fuzzy systems), or tacitly ignores statistics (as is the case with most neural network research). In contrast, machine learning research rejects non-statistical approaches to learning, adaptivity, and optimization. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computational intelligence"
In computer science, overhead is generally considered any combination of excess or indirect computation time, memory, bandwidth, or other resources that are required to be utilized or expended to enable a particular goal. This is a special case of engineering overhead. For example, an algorithm which caches frequent results for quick retrieval has the overhead of mantaining the memory to store the cached results. In terms of Algorithmic efficiency, overhead is often the terms which are asymptotically irrelevant. Consider two algorithms based on input length n: algorithm A, which takes operations, and algorithm B, which takes operations. On short inputs such as , algorithm A is more efficient. Algorithm B is said to have overhead which constitutes the 4 extra operations for each input length and 7 additional operations (overhead may be used to describe all or any part of the additional operations). However, when the input is large, say , algorithm B is much more efficient. Overhead may also be used to decide whether or not to include features in software engineering. If developing for an embedded system, a feature that has a high memory overhead may not be included. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computational overhead"
A computer is a machine capable of undergoing complex calculations. The calculations proceed according to a program — a list of instructions. These instructions usually result in data being processed, and the data may represent many types of information including numbers, text, pictures, or sound. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computer"
A computer language is a language used by, or in association with, computers. Often, the term is used synonymously with programming language, but in general a computer language need not be a programming language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computer language"
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A computer program or software program (usually abbreviated to "a program") is a step-by-step list of instructions written for a particular computer architecture in a particular computer programming language. A layman equivalent example would be writing a step-by-step list of instructions in English instructing a human how to make a Peanut butter and jelly sandwich (the human being the specific architecture). More often than not, computer programs are compiled or assembled into non-human readable format. Executable uncompiled programs are referred to as scripts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computer program"
Computer science is the study of information and computation. Many diverse fields exist within the broader discipline of computer science; some emphasize the computation of specific results (such as graphics), while others (such as computational complexity theory) relate to properties of algorithms used in performing computations. Still others, like computer programming, study the process of formally describing computations (using programming languages) for use in computer systems. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computer science"
A computer simulation or a computer model is a computer program that attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular system. Computer simulations have become a useful part of modeling many natural systems in physics, chemistry and biology, human systems in economics and social science and in the process of engineering new technology, to gain insight into the operation of those systems. Traditionally, the formal modeling of systems has been via a mathematical model, which attempts to find analytical solutions to problems which enables the prediction of the behaviour of the system from a set of parameters and initial conditions. Computer simulations build on, and are a useful adjunct to purely mathematical models in science and technology and entertainment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computer simulation"
A computer-assisted proof is a mathematical proof that has been generated by computer. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computer-assisted proof" shortopedia - Xtending Info. Computer_science
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