Concrete Concrete C20 is a standard abbreviation for a mix of concrete that has a compressive strength of 20 newtons per square millimeter. ...more on Wikipedia about "C20 (engineering)"
Cement is a material for bonding stone or brick. The term cement is most commonly used to refer more specifically to powdered materials which develop strong adhesive qualities when combined with water. These materials are more properly known as hydraulic cements. Hydraulic limes, natural pozzolana and Portland cements are the more common hydraulic cements, with portland cement being the most important in construction. Gypsum plaster and common lime are not hydraulic cements. Cement is an important ingredient in concrete. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cement"
In construction, concrete is a composite building material made from the combination of aggregate and cement binder. ...more on Wikipedia about "Concrete"
A concrete mixer (sometimes erroneously called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens. ...more on Wikipedia about "Concrete mixer"
When structures made of concrete are to be demolished, concrete recycling is an increasingly common method of disposing of the rubble. Concrete debris was once routinely shipped to landfills for disposal, but recycling has a number of benefits that have made it a more attractive option in this age of greater environmental awareness, more environmental laws, and the desire to keep construction costs down. ...more on Wikipedia about "Concrete recycling"
DUCRETE is a version of concrete investigated for use for construction of casks for storage of radioactive waste. It is a composite material with depleted uranium dioxide aggregate used instead of conventional gravel and a Portland cement binder. ...more on Wikipedia about "DUCRETE"
Engineered Cementitious Composites, (ECC,) is an easily molded and shaped mortar based composite reinforced with short random fibers, usually polymer fibers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Engineered Cementitious Composite"
(Entrainer) Air entrainment is the intentional creation of tiny air bubbles in concrete. The bubbles are introduced into the concrete by the addition to the mix of an air entraining agent, a surfactant (surface-active substance, a type of chemical that includes detergents). The air bubbles are created during mixing of the plastic (flowable, not hardened) concrete, and most of them survive to be part of the hardened concrete. The primary purpose of air entrainment is to increase the durability of the hardened concrete, especially in climates subject to freeze-thaw; the secondary purpose is to increase workability of the concrete while in a plastic state. ...more on Wikipedia about "Entrainer"
Mo-Sai is a method of producing precast concrete cladding panels. It was patented by John Earley in 1940. The Mo-Sai institute later refined Earley's method and became the leader in exposed aggregate concrete. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mo-Sai"
Papercrete is a fairly new construction material that consists of re-pulped paper fiber with portland cement or clay and/or other dirt added. When cement is added, this material is not as "green" as would be ideal, but the relatively small amount of cement is perhaps a reasonable tradeoff for what papercrete can offer. Care must be taken to utilize it properly, or you could be courting disaster. Eric Patterson and Mike McCain, who independently "invented" papercrete, (they called it "padobe" and "fibrous cement") have both contributed considerably to the machinery to make it and the ways of using it for building. ...more on Wikipedia about "Papercrete"
Plasticizers are additives that soften the materials (usually a plastic or a concrete mix) they are added to. Although the same compounds are often used for both plastics and concretes, the desired effect is slightly different. The plasticizers for plastics soften the final product increasing its flexibility. On the other hand the plasticizers for concrete soften the mix before it hardens, increasing its workability. They are not supposed to affect the properties of the final product after it hardens. ...more on Wikipedia about "Plasticizer"
Pondcrete is a mixture of cement and sludge. Its role is to immobilize hazardous waste and in some cases lower-level radioactive waste in the form of solid material. Its name originates from the evaporation ponds where the sludge is being concentrated. It is a form of mixed waste. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pondcrete"
Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general usage, as it is a basic ingredient of concrete and mortar. It consists of a mixture of oxides of calcium, silicon and aluminium. Portland cement and similar materials are made by heating limestone (as source of calcium) with clay or sand (as source of silicon) and grinding the product ( clinker), with a source of sulfate (most commonly gypsum). The resulting powder, when mixed with water, will become a hydrated solid over time. ...more on Wikipedia about "Portland cement"
Prestressed concrete, invented by Frenchman Eugène Freyssinet in 1928, is a method for overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension. It can be used to produce beams, floors or bridges with a longer span than is practical with ordinary reinforced concrete. Prestressing tendons (generally of high tensile steel cable or rods) are used to provide a clamping load which produces a compressive stress that offsets the tensile stress that the concrete member would otherwise experience due to a bending load. Prestressing can be accomplished in two ways: ...more on Wikipedia about "Prestressed concrete"
Pykrete is a composite material made of approximately 14 percent sawdust or some other form of wood pulp (such as paper) and 86 percent ice by weight. The properties of such a composite were apparently first noted by a couple of researchers at New York Poly, and were investigated more thoroughly by Max Perutz. Its use was proposed during World War II by Geoffrey Pyke to the Royal Navy as a candidate material for making a huge, unsinkable aircraft carrier, Project Habbakuk, actually more of a floating island than a ship in the traditional sense. Pykrete has some interesting properties, notably its relatively slow melting rate (due to low thermal conductivity), and its vastly improved strength and toughness over pure ice, actually closer to concrete. Pykrete is slightly harder to form than concrete, as it expands while freezing, but can be repaired and maintained from the sea's most abundant raw material. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pykrete"
Ready-mix concrete is a type of concrete that is manufactured in a factory according to a set recipe, and then delievered to a worksite, often by truck. This results in a precise mixture, allowing specialty concrete mixtures to be developed and implemented on construction sites. The first ready-mix factory was built in the 1930s, but the industry did not begin to expand significantly until the 1960s, and it has continued to grow since then. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ready-mix concrete"
Reinforced concrete (ferro concrete) is concrete in which reinforcement bars (" rebars") or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the naturally brittle concrete. The use of reinforced concrete is a relatively recent invention, usually being considered as covering the last 150 years, Jean-Louis Lambot was the first to use reinforcing in concrete in 1848. Joseph Monier, a French gardener, patented a design for reinforced garden tubs in 1868, and later patented reinforced concrete beams and posts for railway and road guardrails. ...more on Wikipedia about "Reinforced concrete"
Saltcrete is a mixture of cement with salts and brine, usually originating from liquid waste treatment plants. Its role is to immobilize hazardous waste and in some cases lower-level radioactive waste in the form of solid material. It is a form of mixed waste. ** ...more on Wikipedia about "Saltcrete"
Shotcrete and gunite are two commonly used terms for sprayed concrete. ...more on Wikipedia about "Shotcrete"
Soil cement is a construction material, a mix of pulverized natural soil with small amount of portland cement and water, usually processed in a tumble, compacted to high density. Hard, semi-rigid durable material is formed by hydration of the cement particles. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soil cement"
Sorel cement is a hydraulic cement mixture of magnesium oxide (burnt magnesia) with magnesium chloride together with filler materials like sand or crushed stone. The usual weight ratio 2.5-3.5 parts MgO to one part MgCl2. This material is also called magnesia cement. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sorel cement"
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