Court systems Court systems The adversarial system (or adversary system) of law is the system of law, generally adopted in common law countries, that relies on the skill of the different advocates representing their party's positions and not on some neutral party, usually the judge, trying to ascertain the truth of the case. The inquisitorial system that is usually found on the continent of Europe among civil law systems (ie. those deriving from the Roman or Napoleonic Codes) has a judge or a group of judges who work together whose task is to investigate the case before them. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adversarial system"
An appeal is the act or fact of challenging a judicially cognizable and binding judgment to a higher judicial authority. In common law jurisdictions, most commonly, this means formally filing a notice of appeal with a lower court, indicating one's intention to take the matter to the next higher court with jurisdiction over the matter, and then actually filing the appeal with the appropriate appellate court. ...more on Wikipedia about "Appeal"
The Courts of Assize, or Assizes, is the name of criminal courts in several countries. In France, Belgium and Italy the court is still in use. The Assizes is the highest court. ...more on Wikipedia about "Assize Court"
Associate Justice or Puisne (pronounced puny) Justice is the title for a member of a judicial panel who is not the Chief Justice. ...more on Wikipedia about "Associate Justice"
Av Beit Din, Hebrew for "Father [of the] House of Justice." The Av Beit Din was the second-highest ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Commonwealth period. He presided over the Sanhedrin in the absence of the Nasi, and was the chief of the Sanhedrin when it sat as a criminal court. ...more on Wikipedia about "Av Beit Din"
A beth din (בית דין, Hebrew: "house of judgment", plural battei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. In ancient times, it was the building block of the legal system in the Land of Israel. Today, it is invested with legal powers in a number of religious matters, both in Israel and in Jewish communities throughout the world, where their judgments hold varying degrees of authority (depending upon the jurisdiction and subject matter) in matters specifically germane to Jewish religious life. ...more on Wikipedia about "Beth din"
The Chief Justice in many countries is the name for the presiding member of a Supreme Court in Commonwealth- or other countries with an Anglosaxon type of justice, such as the Supreme Court of the United States, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (Mexico), or provincial or state supreme courts. In England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the equivalent position is the Lord Chief Justice and in Scotland the equivalent is the Lord President of the Court of Session. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chief Justice" Please inform your friends about http://www.shortopedia.com
Circuit court is the name of court systems in several common law jurisdictions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Circuit court"
Committal Proceedings are a part of the Criminal Justice system in many Common Law jurisdictions. These replaced the earlier Grand Jury process. ...more on Wikipedia about "Committal procedure"
:This article is about courts of law. For alternative meanings see: court (disambiguation). ...more on Wikipedia about "Court"
Court of Appeals is the title of certain appellate courts in various jurisdictions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Court of Appeals"
Under English ecclesiastical law, the Court of Faculties is the tribunal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and is attached to the office of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The court: ...more on Wikipedia about "Court of Faculties"
In common law jurisdictions, a court of record is a court that keeps permanent records of its proceedings. Judgments of a trial court of record are normally subject to appellate review. In many jurisdictions, all courts are courts of record. In many jurisdictions, courts that have the power to fine or imprison must be courts of record. In almost all jurisdictions, a court of record will have a court clerk whose primary duty is to maintain the permanent records. Traditionally, a court of record was required to have its own unique seal, which was used to authenticate its judgments and copies of its records. ...more on Wikipedia about "Court of record"
Courts of Quarter Sessions were the courts for the British colonies in North America and existed until the creation of local court systems in Canada and the United States. ...more on Wikipedia about "Courts of General Sessions"
The Dean of the Arches is the judge who sits at the Ecclesiastical court of the Archbishop of Canterbury in England. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dean of Arches"
A death-qualified jury is a jury in a criminal law case involving the death penalty which excludes jurors opposed to capital punishment. Creating a death-qualified jury requires striking jurors during voir dire who express opposition to the death penalty and will not set aside their personal, moral, or emotional objections. Death-qualifying a jury is believed to create a fair and impartial jury which will fairly consider both death and life in prison. ...more on Wikipedia about "Death-qualified jury"
District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. These include: ...more on Wikipedia about "District court"
Drug courts are specialized courts designed to handle cases involving offenders who abuse addictive substances. The judiciary, prosecution, defense bar, probation, law enforcement, mental health, social service, and treatment communities work together to break the cycle of addiction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Drug court"
An ecclesiastical court (also called "Court Christian") is any of certain courts having jurisdiction mainly in spiritual or religious matters. In the middle ages in many areas of Europe these courts had much wider powers than before the development of nation states as they were experts in interpreting canon law the basis of which was the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian which is considered the source of the civil law legal tradition. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ecclesiastical court"
A grand jury is a type of common law jury responsible for investigating alleged crimes, examining evidence, and issuing indictments if they believe that there is enough evidence for a trial to proceed. A grand jury is distinguished from a petit jury, which is used during trial; the names refer to their respective sizes (typically 25 and 12 members respectively). ...more on Wikipedia about "Grand jury"
The Hall of Hewn Stones (in Hebrew, Lishkat ha-Gazith) was the meeting place of the Sanhedrin during the Second Temple period. Many scholars believe it was built into the north wall of the Temple Mount, half inside the sanctuary and half outside, with doors providing access both to the temple and to the outside. The name presumably arises to distinguish it from the buildings in the temple complex used for ritual purposes, which had to be constructed of stones unhewn by any iron implements. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hall of Hewn Stones"
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An inquisitorial system is a legal system where the court or a part of the court is actively involved in determining the facts of the case, as opposed to an adversarial system where the role of the court is solely that of an impartial referee between parties. Inquisitorial systems are used in most countries in Western Europe and Latin America. ...more on Wikipedia about "Inquisitorial system"
A jirga (occasionally jirgah) is a tribal assembly of elders which takes decisions by consensus, particularly among the Pashtun ethnic group, but also in other ethnic groups near them; they are most common in Afghanistan and among the Pashtun in the tribal areas in Pakistan near its border with Afghanistan. ...more on Wikipedia about "Jirga"
A judgment or judgement (see spelling note below), in a legal context, is synonymous with the formal decision made by a court following a lawsuit. At the same time the court may also make a range of court orders, such as imposing a sentence upon a guilty defendant in a criminal matter, or providing a remedy for the plaintiff in a civil matter. ...more on Wikipedia about "Judgment"
Judicial independence is the doctrine that decisions of the judiciary should be impartial and not subject to influence from the other branches of government or from private or political interests. In most cases, judicial independence is secured by giving judges long, and sometimes lifetime, tenure and making them not easily removable. ...more on Wikipedia about "Judicial independence"
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