Criminology Criminology A Born Criminal is someone who was born in to, or raised in circumstances that would facillitate their entry to criminal life at a young age. This can also refer to someone who repeatedly commits crimes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Born criminal"
Clearance rates are used by various criminal justice groups as a measure of crimes solved by the police. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clearance rate"
Largely based on the writings of Karl Marx, conflict criminology claims that crime is inevitable in capitalist societies, as invariably certain groups will become marganalised and unequal. In seeking equality, members of these groups may often turn to crime in order to gain the material wealth that apparently brings equality in capitalist economic states. It derives its name from the fact that theorists within the area believe that there is no consensual social contract between state and citizen. ...more on Wikipedia about "Conflict criminology"
Crime indexes are generated to analyze crime statistics. The most common source of such statistics are records reported to the police. Critics do not feel that crime indexes are particularly useful as they only list reported crimes. This makes it difficult to know whether a "10 % increase" has any real meaning. An alternative source of data is the victimization survey, usually conducted via annual interviews with households, whose occupants are asked whether they have been the victim of crime. Critics note that surveys are generally unreliable, especially when they involve discussions of criminal activity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crime index"
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is a multi-disciplinary approach to deterring criminal behavior. CPTED strategies rely upon the ability to influence offender decisions that precede criminal acts. As of 2004, most implementations of CPTED occur solely within the built environment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crime prevention through environmental design"
Crime rate is a measure of the rate of occurrence of crimes committed in a given area and time. Most commonly, crime rate is given as the number of crimes committed among a given number of persons. Often, the type of crime is exactly specified. Thus, a crime rate might be given as the number of murders (or rapes, thefts, etc.) per 100,000 persons per year within a city. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crime rate"
Crime science is the study of crime, rather than just the offenders, as happens in other branches of criminology, in order to provide ways and means to prevent, detect and solve crimes. It involves a number of functional disciplines and often draws on the fields of statistics, environmental design, forensics, policing, sociology as well as many other sciences to analyse crimes, both at an individual as well as a collective level. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crime science"
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Criminal psychology is the study of the wills, thoughts, intentions and reactions of criminals. The study goes deeply into what makes someone commit crime, but also the reactions after the crime, on the run or in court. Criminal psychologists are often called up as witnesses in court cases to help the jury understand the mind of the criminal. Psychiatry also may deal with aspects of criminal behavior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Criminal psychology"
A criminaloid (from the word " criminal" and suffix -oid, meaning criminal-like) is a person who projects a respectable, upright facade, in an attempt to conceal a criminal personality. This type, first defined by Edward A. Ross in his 1907 work Sin and Society, has been ascribed to many white-collar and corporate criminals. Unlike ordinary criminals, criminaloids enjoy the respect of society, and because they often establish connections with the government and the law, they are less likely to meet with opposition. Due to their respectable standing, they generally enjoy greater prosperity than the average criminal, and have an automatic advantage over their more conscientious colleagues. ...more on Wikipedia about "Criminaloid"
Criminology is the study of crime as a social phenomenon, including the causes and consequences of crime, criminal behavior, as well as the development of, and impact of laws. Research in criminology applies the scientific method to test hypotheses and ultimately develop theories that help explain the causes and other aspects of crime. Though both deal with crime, criminology differs from criminal justice in that latter focuses on the components of the justice system including police, courts, and corrections. ...more on Wikipedia about "Criminology"
Critical criminology refers to a variety of perspectives and theories that attempt to challenge the basic assumptions of mainstream criminology.Based on Marxist principles of exploitation by the dominant class, it proposes that the justice system and its proponents are inherently created in favour of those in power positions, and serves to marginalize individuals who fall outside of accepted norms. ...more on Wikipedia about "Critical criminology"
Cui bono ("Good for whom?", or "Who benefits?") is a Latin adage which means that the person of people guilty of committing a crime may be found amongst those who have something to gain, perhaps financially. Although the principle is useful in criminal investigations, the party with the most to gain may not always be obvious, or the guilty party may distract attention by diverting attention on to a scapegoat. The expression is said to have been coined by Latin consul and censor Lucius Cassius Longinus Ravilla. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cui bono"
Deterrence is an act of preventing or controlling actions or behavior through fear of punishment or retribution. It is the primary theory of criminology shaping the criminal justice system of the United States and various other countries. ...more on Wikipedia about "Deterrence"
In criminology, a disorganized offender, also sometimes called a maniac, is a classification of serial killer. ...more on Wikipedia about "Disorganized offender"
Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities by George L. Kelling and Catherine Coles is a criminology book published in 1996, about petty crime and strategies to contain or eliminate it from urban neighbourhoods. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fixing Broken Windows"
Geographic profiling is a criminal investigative methodology that analyzes the locations of a connected series of crimes to determine the most probable area of offender residence. Typically used in cases of serial murder or rape (but also arson, bombing, robbery, and other crimes), the technique helps police detectives prioritize information in large-scale major crime investigations that often involve hundreds or thousands of suspects and tips. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geographic profiling"
Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) and two of his Italian disciples, Enrico Ferri (1856–1929) and Raffaele Garofalo (1851–1934), founded what became known as the Italian school of criminology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Italian school of criminology"
The legalized abortion and crime effect is the highly controversial theory that the legalization of abortion in the United States, due to Roe v. Wade, has reduced the number of unwanted children – children who are more likely to become criminals – and thus has reduced crime in recent years. ...more on Wikipedia about "Legalized abortion and crime effect"
identity theft -- illegal gambling -- illegitimate opportunity structure -- imprisonment -- incapacitation -- inchoate offense -- indictable offence -- individual rights advocate -- infraction -- in limine -- insanity defense -- instiutionalization -- integrated theory of criminology -- interactionist perspectives -- interdiction -- internal validity -- international crime -- invisible evidence -- irresistible impulse test -- isobutyl nitrite -- ...more on Wikipedia about "List of criminology topics"
Description: In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber puts forward a thesis that Puritan ethic and ideas had influenced the development of capitalism. However religious devotion usually was accompanied by rejection of mundane affairs including economic pursuit. Why was that not the case with Protestantism? Weber addresses that paradox in that work. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in sociology"
A Lockdown is a an emergency protocol to prevent people or information escaping, which usually can only be ordered by someone in command. It is a common anti-terrorist measure in the wake of an atrocity and a popular plot-device in fiction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lockdown" shortopedia, there's no better way.
Modus operandi (often used in the abbreviated form MO) is a Latin phrase, approximately translated as " mode of operation." The plural is modi operandi ("modes of operation"). It is used in police work to describe a criminal's characteristic patterns and style of work. ...more on Wikipedia about "Modus operandi"
Occupational crime is the act of supporting oneself financially solely on the fruits of one's criminal behavior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Occupational crime"
Otto Pollak was a writer and a professor of Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. His most controversial and famous book was The Criminality of Women ( 1950), in which he suggested that women commit just as much crime as men, but that their crime is more easily hidden. Pollak further argued that the criminal justice system was biased by preconceptions about women and did not convict or sentence women as harshly as men. His empirical work has provided a starting point for criminology on women. Additionally, however, anti-feminist and "men's movement" groups have selectively appropriated his research. ...more on Wikipedia about "Otto Pollak"
A perfect crime is a crime committed so carefully that no evidence is apparent, and the culprit cannot be traced. ...more on Wikipedia about "Perfect crime"
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