Crops Crops In agriculture, a cash crop is a crop which is grown for money. The term is used to differentiate from subsistence crops, which are those fed to the producer's own livestock or grown as food for the producer's family. In earlier times cash crops were usually only a small (but vital) part of a farm's total yield, while today, especially in the developed countries, almost all crops are mainly grown for cash. In non-developed nations, cash crops are usually crops which attract demand in more developed nations, and hence have some export value. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cash crop"
In agriculture, a catch crop is a fast-growing crop that is grown simultaneously with, or between successive plantings of a main crop. For example, radishes that mature from seed in 25-30 days can be grown between rows of most vegetables, and harvested long before the main crop matures. Or, a catch crop can be planted between the spring harvest and fall planting of some crops. ...more on Wikipedia about "Catch crop"
Coffee is a drink, usually hot, prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant. These seeds are usually called coffee beans, although they are not technically beans. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world, trailing only petroleum. Coffee is one of humanity's chief sources of caffeine, a stimulant. Its potential benefits and hazards have been, and continue to be, widely studied and discussed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coffee"
Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is planting of different crops in close physical proximity. It is a form of polyculture. ...more on Wikipedia about "Companion planting"
In agriculture, continuous harvest is the availability of a crop over an extended period during the growing season. Each crop has a harvest window during which it is ready for picking. Some are harvested by removing the whole plant, for example, cutting a head of lettuce. Others can be picked over varying periods: peas and corn may have a window of two weeks, cucumbers six or eight, tomatoes produce until the end of the season. To provide a season-long continuous harvest of a crop with a shorter harvest window, succession planting techniques are used, including multiple plantings at different times, and planting of varieties with different maturity dates. In this way, with effective timing, a new planting or variety of a crop is always coming into maturity as a previous one finishes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Continuous harvest"
Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the Cotton plant ( Gossypium spp.), a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. The fibre is most often spun into thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cotton"
In agriculture, a cover crop is any plant grown to protect land from soil erosion and leaching of nutrients. Unused farmland that is left bare can lose topsoil and nutrients through the effects of wind and rain. The foliage and roots of a cover crop shelter and anchor the soil. Cover crops are usually temporary, but may also be permanent, such as between trees in orchards, or anchoring soil on slopes. A cover crop that is grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil is also known as a green manure. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cover crop"
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There are two types of agricultural crop residues. Field residues are materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. These residues include stalks and stubble ( stems), leaves, and seed pods. Good management of field residues can increase efficiency of irrigation and control of erosion. Process residues are those materials left after the processing of the crop into a usable resource. These residues include husks, seeds, bagasse, and roots. Crop residues can be used as animal fodder and soil amendment, and in manufacturing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crop residue"
Crop rotation (Fallow land) is the practice of growing two (or more) dissimilar type of crops in the same space in sequence. It is one component of polyculture. Examples of types of crops that can be rotated include cereals and legumes, and deep-rooted and short-rooted plants. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crop rotation"
Dessert Crops are defined as a type of crop or plant that is not, (or historically was not) used in everyday consumption. They are used for "dessert", which is a loose definition for special occasions, use by the elite, or for pleasure rather than sustanance. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dessert crops"
Disease resistance in fruit and vegetables; There are a number of lines of defence against pests (that is, those animals that cause damage to the plants we grow) and diseases in the organic garden, principle among these being the practice of good husbandry, creating healthy soil and ensuring high standards of garden hygiene. But no matter how diverse and healthy the garden eco-system may be, there will always be a degree of disease and pest presence. In many ways, some level of pathogen population in the garden can be not only acceptable but desirable as they are indicative of a generally healthful and diverse environment, and add to the overall robustness of the system as an immunity to such detrimental influences will build up, particularly in a balanced polycultural regime. Indeed, most of the plants we grow will tend to be selected because they are trouble free, and those that are more susceptible to attack will have fallen by the wayside over time. However, most farmers find it unacceptable that the food crops they grow are damaged by pests. ...more on Wikipedia about "Disease resistance in fruit and vegetables"
In agriculture, a green manure is a type of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil. Typically, a green manure crop is grown for a specific period, and then plowed under and incorporated into the soil. Green manures usually perform multiple functions, that include soil improvement and soil protection: ...more on Wikipedia about "Green manure"
An heirloom tomato is a open-pollinated cultivar of tomato, which is not commonly grown nowadays. Heirloom tomatoes have become increasingly popular and more readily available in recent years. ...more on Wikipedia about "Heirloom tomato"
Intercropping is the practice of cultivating an additional crop in the spaces available between the main crop. It is a practice often associated with sustainable agriculture and organic farming. It forms a part of polyculture. Examples of intercropping strategies are planting a deep-rooted crop with a shallow-rooted crop, or planting a tall crop with a shorter crop that requires partial shade. ...more on Wikipedia about "Intercropping"
The following statistics for the production of wheat come from International Grains Council figures from the report "Grain Market Report." ...more on Wikipedia about "International wheat production statistics"
In agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously in the same space during a single growing season. It is a form of polyculture. A related practice, companion planting, is sometimes used in gardening and intensive cultivation of vegetables and fruits. One example of multi-cropping is tomatoes + onions + marigold; the marigolds repel some of tomato's pests. ...more on Wikipedia about "Multiple cropping"
A nectar source is a flowering plant that produces nectar as part of its reproductive strategy. These plants create nectar, which attract pollenating insects and sometimes other animals such as birds. ...more on Wikipedia about "Nectar source"
The nectar source in a given area depends on the type of vegetation present and the length of their bloom period. What type of vegetation will grow in an area depends on soil texture, soil pH, soil drainage, daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, extreme minimum winter temperature, and growing degree days. The plants listed below are plants that would grow in USDA Hardiness zone 5. A good predictor for when a plant will bloom and produce nectar is a calculation of the growing degree days. Even more accurate would be a calculation of the growing degree hours. Hopkins' Bioclimatic Law states that in North America east of the Rockies, a 130 m (400-foot) increase in elevation, a 4° change in latitude north, or a 10° change in longitude east will cause any given biological event to occur four days later in the spring or four days earlier in the fall. ...more on Wikipedia about "Northern Nectar Sources for Honeybees"
In agriculture, a nurse crop is an annual crop used to assist in establishment of a perennial. ...more on Wikipedia about "Nurse crop"
A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. Paddy fields are a typical feature of rice-growing countries of east and southeast Asia including China, Thailand, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, and the Philippines. They can occur naturally along rivers, or can be constructed, even on hillsides, often with much labor and materials. They require large quantities of water for irrigation, which can be quite complex for a highly developed system of paddy fields. Flooding provides water essential to the growth of the crop. It also gives an environment favorable to the strain of rice being grown, and is hostile to many species of weeds. ...more on Wikipedia about "Paddy field"
A permanent crop is one produced from plants which last for many seasons, rather than being replanted after each harvest. ...more on Wikipedia about "Permanent crop"
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==Northern pollen sources for honeybees== ...more on Wikipedia about "Pollen source"
Pollination Management is the label for horticultural practices that accomplish or enhance pollination of a crop, to improve yield or quality, by understanding of the particular crop's pollination needs, and by knowledgeable management of pollenizers, pollinators, and pollination conditions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pollination management"
In agriculture, post-harvest handling is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest, including cooling, cleaning, sorting and packing. The instant a crop is removed from the ground, or separated from its parent plant, it begins to deteriorate. Post-harvest treatment largely determines final quality, whether a crop is sold for fresh consumption, or used as an ingredient in a processed food product. ...more on Wikipedia about "Post-harvest handling"
Saturation pollination is a pollination technique for agricultural crops ...more on Wikipedia about "Saturation pollination"
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