Ecology Ecology A Short History of Progress, written by Ronald Wright, describes how four historical civilizations ( Easter Island, Sumer, Maya and Rome) self-destructed due to a lack of foresight and to wrong choices. His premise is that each time history repeats itself, the price goes up. ...more on Wikipedia about "A Short History of Progress"
Acid mine drainage (AMD), also called acid rock water or acid rock drainage (ARD), refers to the outflow of acidic water from (usually) abandoned metal mines or coal mines. However, other distured areas, such as construction sites, subdivisions and transportation corridors etc may also contribute acid rock drainage to the environment. In many localities the liquor that drains from coal stocks, coal handling facilities, coal washeries, and even coal waste tips can be highly acidic, and in such cases it is treated as acid rock drainage. Acid rock drainage occurs naturally within most environments as part of the rock weathering process but is exacerbated by large-scale earth disturbances characteristic of mining and other large construction activities, usually within rocks containing an abundance of sulfide minerals. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acid mine drainage"
Acoustic ecology is the relationship, mediated through sound, between living beings and their environment. Sometimes called soundscape ecology. Acoustic ecology studies started in the late 60's with R. Murray Schafer and his team at Simon Fraser University ( Vancouver, Canada) as part of the World Soundscape Project. The first study produced by the WSP was titled The Vancouver Soundscape. The interest in this area grew enormously after this pioneer and innovative study and the area of acoustic ecology raised the interesst of researchers and artists all over the world. In 1993 the members of the by now large and active international acoustic ecology community formed the World Forum of Acoustic Ecology ** . ...more on Wikipedia about "Acoustic ecology"
Adaptive management is an approach to ecological management. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adaptive management"
Aeroplankton is the term used to describe the tiny lifeforms which float and drift in the air, carried by the current of the wind; it is the atmospheric analogue to oceanic plankton. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aeroplankton"
Age class structure, in fisheries and wildlife management, is a part of population assesment. Age can be determined by fish scales, examination of teeth in many species, and with many methods both lethal and non-lethal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Age class structure"
Agroecology is the science of applying ecological concepts and principles to the design, development, and management of sustainable agricultural systems. ...more on Wikipedia about "Agroecology"
(Agroforestry) * The Springer Journal, "Agroforesty Systems" (ISSN: 1572-9680) ** ...more on Wikipedia about "Agroforestry"
(Alien (biology)) :This article refers to the biology of Earth, for extraterrestrial biology, see Extraterrestrial life ...more on Wikipedia about "Alien (biology)"
The Allee effect is a phenomenon in biology named after W. C. Allee, who first wrote extensively on it. It describes a positive relation between population density and the per capita growth rate. In other words, for smaller populations, the reproduction and survival of individuals decreases. This effect usually saturates or disappears as populations get larger. ...more on Wikipedia about "Allee effect"
Allometry is the science studying the differential growth rates of the parts of a living organism's body part or process. ...more on Wikipedia about "Allometry"
Amensalism is an biological interaction, a type of symbiosis, between two species in which one impedes or restricts the success of the other without being affected, positively or negatively, by the presence of the other. Usually this occurs when one organism exudes a chemical compound as part of its normal metabolism that is detrimental to another organism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amensalism"
Antarctic Paradox is a term in ecology that describes the phenomenon that in vast areas of the Southern Ocean there are plenty of nutrients for phytoplankton to thrive but still, the phytoplankton do not grow much. These areas have been termed as HNLC (high nutrient, low carbon) areas. The reason for this is that iron is missing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antarctic Paradox"
Ape extinction, particularly great ape extinction, is one of the most widely held biodiversity concerns. Recent primate extinctions (notably that of Miss Waldron's red colobus) after a long period of no such losses, and the rise of the African bushmeat trade, have sparked concerns that human beings may be eliminating their nearest genetic and social relatives. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ape extinction"
Apex predators (also alpha predators or superpredators) are predators that are not preyed upon in the wild. These species are often at the end of long food chains, where they have a crucial role in maintaining and determining the health of ecosystems. Even if not dangerous to humans, they are formidable predators in their respective niches. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apex predator"
The aphotic zone is the depth of the ocean that is not exposed to sunlight. The depth of the aphotic zone can be greatly affected by such things as turbidity and the season of the year. The aphotic zone generally underlies the photic zone, which is that portion of the ocean directly affected by sunlight. Organisms in the aphotic zone directly or indirectly depend on smaller producers, such as plankton, from the photic zone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aphotic zone"
Aposomatic coloration is the usage of bright coloration by animals with effective physical or chemical defenses that acts as a warning to predators. Because it is often associated with animals with bad taste, venomous characteristics, or out-right dangerous qualities, animals learn to quickly avoid this particular creature. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aposomatic coloration"
Applied ecology is a subfield within ecology which considers the application of the science of ecology to real-world (usually management) questions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Applied ecology"
An arctic-alpine taxon is one whose natural distribution includes the Arctic and more southerly mountain ranges, particularly the Alps. The presence of identical or similar taxa in both the tundra of the far north, and high mountain ranges much further south is testament to the similar environmental conditions found in the two locations. It is often assumed that an organism which currently has an arctic-alpine distribution was, during colder periods of the Earth's history (such as during the Pleistocene glaciations), widespread across the area between the arctic and the Alps. This is known from pollen records to be true for Dryas octopetala, for instance. In other cases, the disjunct distribution may be the result of long-distance dispersal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arctic-alpine"
An autotroph (from the Greek autos = self and trophe = nutrition) is an organism that produces organic compounds from carbon dioxide as a carbon source, using either light, or reactions of inorganic chemical compounds, as a source of energy. An autotroph is a producer. Plants and other organisms that carry out photosynthesis are phototrophs (or photoautotrophs). Bacteria that utilize the oxidation of inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide or ferrous iron as an energy source are chemoautotrophs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Autotroph"
Bacterial water analysis is a routine check to make sure that the concentration of potentially pathogenic bacteria in drinking water is sufficiently low to say it is safe for human consumption at a reasonable level of confidence. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bacterial water analysis"
In biology, Bateman's principle is the theory that the sex which invests the most in producing offspring becomes a limiting resource over which the other sex will compete. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bateman's principle"
Behavioral ecology is the study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior, and the roles of behavior in enabling an animal to adapt to its environment (both intrinsic and extrinsic). ...more on Wikipedia about "Behavioral ecology"
The benthic zone is the lowest level of a body of water, such as an ocean or a lake. It is inhabited mostly by organisms that tolerate cool temperatures and low oxygen levels, called benthos or benthic organisms. The profundal, limnetic, and littoral zones can be found above the benthic zone. No light other than bioluminescence is found in the benthic zone; it is part of the aphotic zone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Benthic zone"
A BioBlitz is a 24-hour inventory of all living organisms in a given area, often an urban park. It has the dual aims of establishing the degree of biodiversity in an area and popularising science. Botanists, mycologists and entomologists all play a role. Some BioBlitzes are an annual event. ...more on Wikipedia about "BioBlitz"
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