Electric and magnetic fields in matter

The Abraham-Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media. Or in simpler terms, the ability of an object to simply move within a vacuum when under strong electromagnetic fields. ...more on Wikipedia about "Abraham-Minkowski controversy"

An anti-ferromagnetic interaction acts to anti-align neighboring spins. If the energy is expressed as the sum of all pairs, i, j, over an interaction term J(i,j), times the spin of atom i times the spin of atom j, J<0 is a ferromagnetic interaction and J>0 is an antiferromagnetic interaction. The combination of both can lead to spin glass behavior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antiferromagnetic interaction"

In materials that exhibit antiferromagnetism, the spins of magnetic electrons align in a regular pattern with neighboring spins pointing in opposite directions. This is the opposite of ferromagnetism. Generally, antiferromagnetic materials exhibit antiferromagnetism at a low temperature, and become disordered above a certain temperature; the transition temperature is called the Neel temperature. Above the Neel temperature, the material is typically paramagnetic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antiferromagnetism"

A Bloch wall is a narrow transition region at the boundary between magnetic domains, over which the magnetisation changes from its value in one domain to that in the next. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bloch wall"

In material science, the coercivity, also called the coercive force, of a ferromagnetic material is the intensity of the magnetic field required to reduce the magnetization of that material to zero after the magnetization of the sample has reached saturation. Coercivity is usually measured in oersteds or teslas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coercivity"

Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) is a property of some materials, mostly manganese-based perovskite oxides, that enables them to dramatically change their electrical resistance in the presence of a magnetic field. ...more on Wikipedia about "Colossal magnetoresistance"

In a paramagnetic material Curie's law relates the magnetization of the material to the applied magnetic field and temperature. ...more on Wikipedia about "Curie's law"

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The Curie-Weiss law describes the magnetic susceptibility of a ferromagnet in the paramagnetic region above the Curie point: ...more on Wikipedia about "Curie-Weiss law"

Debye relaxation is the dielectric relaxation response of an ideal, noninteracting population of dipoles to an alternating external electric field. It is usually expressed in the complex permittivity $\varepsilon$ of a medium as a function of the field's frequency $\omega$ : ...more on Wikipedia about "Debye relaxation"

Diamagnetism is a form of magnetism which is only exhibited by a substance in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. It is the result of changes in the orbital motion of electrons due to the application of an externally applied magnetic field. Applying a magnetic field causes a momentary electromotive force (a consequence of Faraday's law) which modifies the electronic orbitals of atoms/molecules in a substance in such a way that the orbitals produce an induced magnetic field, which opposes the applied field (a consequence of Lenz's law). However, the induced magnetic moment is very small in most everyday materials. All materials show a diamagnetic response in an applied magnetic field; however for materials which show some other form of magnetism (such as ferromagnetism or paramagnetism), the diamagnetism is completely swamped. Substances which only, or mostly, display diamagnetic behaviour are termed diamagnetic materials, or diamagnets. Materials that are said to be diamagnetic are those which are usually considered by non-physicists as "non magnetic", and include Water, DNA, most organic compounds such as oil and plastic, and many metals such as Gold and Bismuth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Diamagnetism"

The relative dielectric constant ε_r (represented as $\kappa$ or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: ...more on Wikipedia about "Dielectric constant"

Because polarization cannot follow an electric field in a high-frequency field, permittivity has a dependence on the frequency. This dependence is called dielectric dispersion. It is very important for the application of dielectric materials and the analysis of polarization systems. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dielectric dispersion"

Dielectric heating is the phenomenon in which radiowave or microwave electromagnetic radiation heats a dielectric material, especially as caused by dipole rotation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dielectric heating"

In physics, dielectric relaxation refers to the relaxation reponse of a dielectric medium to an external field of microwave frequencies. This relaxation is often described in terms of permittivity as a function of frequency, which can, for ideal systems, be described by the Debye equation. On the other hand, the distortion related to ionic and electronic polarization shows behavior of the resonance or oscillator type. The character of the distortion process depends on the structure, composition, and surroundings of the sample. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dielectric relaxation"

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Dielectric spectroscopy (sometimes called impedance spectroscopy) measures the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency [1-4]. It is based on the interaction of an external field with the electric dipole moment of the sample, often expressed by permittivity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dielectric spectroscopy"

Dipolar polarization is a polarization that is particular to polar molecules. This polarization results from permanent dipoles, which retain polarization in the absence of an external electric field. The assembly of these dipoles forms a macroscopic polarization. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dipolar polarization"

A domain wall is a term in physics which can have one of two distinct meanings in either string theory or magnetism. Domain wall is also used as technobabble in science fiction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Domain wall"

In physics, the electric displacement field or electric flux density is a vector-valued field $\mathbf{D}$ that appears in Maxwell's equations. It generalizes the electric field to account for the effects of bound charges within materials. "D" stands for "displacement," as in the related concept of displacement current. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electric displacement field"

The electric susceptibility χ_e of a dielectric material is a measure of how easily it polarizes in response to an electric field. This, in turn, determines the electric permittivity of the material and thus influences many other phenomena in that medium, from the capacitance of capacitors to the speed of light. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electric susceptibility"

Electromigration is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. The effect is only important in applications where high direct current densities are used, such as in microelectronics and related structures. As the structure size in electronics such as integrated circuits (ICs) decreases, the practical significance of this effect increases. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electromigration"

Electron cyclotron resonance is a phenomenon observed both in plasma physics and condensed matter physics. An electron in a static and uniform magnetic field will move in a circle due to the Lorentz force. The circular motion may be superimposed with a uniform axial motion, resulting in a helix, or with a uniform motion perpendicular to the field, e.g., in the presence of an electrical or gravitational field, resulting in a cycloid. The frequency of this cyclotron motion is given by ...more on Wikipedia about "Electron cyclotron resonance"

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Electrostriction is a property of all electrical non-conductors, or dielectrics, that produces a relatively slight change of shape, or mechanical deformation, under the application of an electric field. Reversal of the electric field does not reverse the direction of the deformation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electrostriction"

Exchange bias or exchange anisotropy occurs in bilayers (or multilayers) of magnetic materials where the hard magnetization behavior of an antiferromagnetic thin film causes a shift in the soft magnetization curve of a ferromagnetic film. The exchange bias phenomenon is of tremendous utility in magnetic recording, where it is used to pin the state of the readback heads of hard disk drives at exactly their point of maximum sensitivity; hence the term "bias." ...more on Wikipedia about "Exchange bias"

In condensed matter physics, the fermi surface is an abstract boundary useful for predicting the thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of metals, semimetals, and doped semiconductors. The shape of the Fermi surface is derived from the periodicity and symmetry of the crystalline lattice and from the occupation of electronic energy bands. The existence of a Fermi surface is a direct consequence of the exclusion principle, which prevents fermions from all crowding into the same state. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fermi surface"

A ferrimagnetic interaction is a specific type of antiferromagnetic interaction in which the net spin of the system is not equal to zero due to the spin in each direction not being equal, and therefore not cancelling. A classic example is a dodecanuclear Manganese molecule with an effective spin of S = 10 derived from antiferromagnetic interaction on Mn(IV) metal centres with Mn(III) and Mn(II) metal centres. [1] ...more on Wikipedia about "Ferrimagnetic interaction" Come again to shortopedia

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