## Electromagnetism

A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field ...more on Wikipedia about "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field"

A Treatise on Electriciy and Magnetism is an 1873 textbook on electromagnetism written by James Clerk Maxwell. ...more on Wikipedia about "A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism"

In physics, the algebra of physical space is built on the Clifford algebra ( Geometric algebra) $Cl_3$ of the three-dimensional Euclidean space. ...more on Wikipedia about "Algebra of physical space"

Charge conservation is the principle that electric charge can neither be created nor destroyed. The quantity of electric charge is always conserved. ...more on Wikipedia about "Charge conservation"

In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. It may be either a subatomic particle or an ion. A collection of charged particles, or even a gas containing a proportion of charged particles, is called a plasma, which is called the fourth state of matter because its properties are quite different from solids, liquids and gases. ...more on Wikipedia about "Charged particle"

Classical electrodynamics (or classical electromagnetism) is a theory of electromagnetism that was developed over the course of the 19th century, most prominently by James Clerk Maxwell. It provides an excellent description of electromagnetic phenomena whenever the relevant length scales and field strengths are large enough that quantum mechanical effects are negligible (see quantum electrodynamics). ...more on Wikipedia about "Classical electromagnetism"

In differential geometry and theoretical physics, the classification of electromagnetic fields is a pointwise classification of bivectors at each point of a Lorentzian manifold. ...more on Wikipedia about "Classification of electromagnetic fields" Simply shortopedia! Electromagnetism

In physics, a conserved current, J, obeys a conservation law. ...more on Wikipedia about "Conserved current"

In electricity, current refers to electric current, which is the flow of electric charge. Lightning is an example of an electric current, as is the solar wind, the source of the polar aurora. Probably the most familiar form of electric current is the flow of conduction electrons in a metallic wire. This is how utility companies deliver electricity. In electronics, electric current is most often the flow of electrons through conductors and devices such as resistors, but it is also the flow of ions inside a battery or the flow of holes within a semiconductor. ...more on Wikipedia about "Current (electricity)"

In electricity and magnetism, current density is a measure of the density of electrical current. In a conductor, it is defined as the ratio of current to cross-sectional area of the conductor: ...more on Wikipedia about "Current density"

A dipole ( Greek: di(s) = double and polos = pivot) is a pair of electric charges or magnetic poles of equal magnitude but opposite polarity (opposite electronic charges), separated by some (usually small) distance. Dipoles can be characterized by their dipole moment, a vector quantity with a magnitude equal to the product of the charge or magnetic strength of one of the poles and the distance separating the two poles. The direction of the dipole moment corresponds, for electric dipoles, to the direction from the negative to the positive charge. For magnetic dipoles, the dipole moment points from the magnetic south to the magnetic north pole — confusingly, the "north" and "south" convention for magnetic dipoles is the opposite of that used to describe the Earth's geographic and magnetic poles, so that the Earth's geomagnetic north pole is the south pole of its dipole moment. (Because of the absence of magnetic monopoles, magnetic dipoles are actually created by current loops and/or by quantum-mechanical spin.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Dipole"

The electric field integral equation is a relationship that allows one to calculate the electric field intensity E generated by an electric current distribution J . ...more on Wikipedia about "Electric field integral equation"

Electrical work is the work done on a particle by an electric field on a particle. This energy is similar to mechanical work in that the equation for electrical work is of the same form: ...more on Wikipedia about "Electrical work"

Electromagnetic cavities are represented by potential wells, also called boxes, which can be of limited or unlimited depth V0. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electromagnetic cavity"

The vectors (E and B) that characterize the field have their values defined at every point of space and time. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electromagnetic field"

The electromagnetic four-potential is a four-vector defined in SI units (and gaussian units in parentheses) as ...more on Wikipedia about "Electromagnetic four-potential"

The electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor or Faraday tensor or Maxwell bivector) is a mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field of a physical system in Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electromagnetic tensor"

The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that governs the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium. The equation, written in terms of either the electric field E or the magnetic field H, takes the form: ...more on Wikipedia about "Electromagnetic wave equation"

Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, which exerts a force on those particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of such particles. The term electrodynamics is sometimes used to refer to the combination of electromagnetism with mechanics, and deals with the effects of the electromagnetic field on the dynamic behavior of electrically charged particles. Electromagnetism encompasses various real-world electromagnetic phenomena. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electromagnetism"

Electromotive force ( emf), often denoted by $\mathcal\left\{E\right\}$ (lower-case epsilon), is a measure of the strength of a source of electrical energy and is measured in volts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electromotive force"

Electrophoresis is the movement of an electrically charged substance under the influence of an electric field. This movement is due to the Lorentz force, which may be related to fundamental electrical properties of the body under study and the ambient electrical conditions by the equation given below. F is the Lorentz force, q is the charge carried by the body, E is the electric field [1]: ...more on Wikipedia about "Electrophoresis"

In physics, Feynman-Wheeler theory is a nonlocal, Lorentz invariant, theory of electromagnetism in which charged particles do not act on themselves, but only on other particles. As a consequence, the motion of a charged particle depends on the past and future motions of all other charged particles. This theory avoids the problem of the self-mass of a charged particle, but requires considering future motions, and so is not commonly used. ...more on Wikipedia about "Feynman-Wheeler theory"

The fine-structure constant or Sommerfeld fine-structure constant, usually denoted $\alpha \$, is the fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. It was originally introduced into physics in 1916 by Arnold Sommerfeld, as a measure of the relativistic deviations in atomic spectral lines from the predictions of the Bohr model. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fine-structure constant"

In special and general relativity, the four-current is the Lorentz covariant four-vector that replaces the electromagnetic current density ...more on Wikipedia about "Four-current"

In physics, free space is a concept of electromagnetic theory, corresponding to a theoretical "perfect vacuum". ...more on Wikipedia about "Free space"

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