Electronics terms Electronics terms A 1-bit DAC is a term used in consumer electronics marketing to refer to oversampling digital-to-analog converters (DACs) that use an actual 1-bit DAC (that is, a simple "on/off" switch) in a delta-sigma loop operating at multiples of the sampling frequency. The combination is equivalent to a DAC with a larger number of bits (usually 16-20), therefore the 1-bit label is a bit of a misnomer. ...more on Wikipedia about "1-bit DAC"
The absolute gain of an antenna, for a given direction and polarization, is the ratio of (a) the power that would be required at the input of an ideal isotropic radiator to (b) the power actually supplied to the given antenna, to produce the same radiant intensity in the far-field region. ...more on Wikipedia about "Absolute gain"
In electronics, an active component is one that has gain or depends on the direction of the current. In practice, this means any component that is not a resistor, capacitor or inductor (which are termed passive components). Examples of active components are transistors, thyristors, diodes and valves. ...more on Wikipedia about "Active component"
Adjacent-channel interference is interference caused by extraneous power from a signal in an adjacent channel. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adjacent-channel interference"
In electrical engineering, the admittance (Y) is the inverse of the impedance (Z). The SI unit of admittance is the siemens. Oliver Heaviside coined the term in December 1887. ...more on Wikipedia about "Admittance"
Amplitude distortion is distortion occurring in a system, subsystem, or device when the output amplitude is not a linear function of the input amplitude under specified conditions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amplitude distortion"
As an emitter, antenna aperture is the diameter of the cross-section of an antenna's radiation pattern in the direction of highest gain. This is frequently assumed to be circular and given as a diameter or the degree of the radiation cone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antenna aperture"
In electronics, capacitive coupling is the transfer of energy from one circuit to another by means of the mutual capacitance between the circuits. This can be an intentional or accidental effect. It only works well enough to be of practical use over relatively short ranges, such as some RFID applications. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capacitive coupling"
A cascode is an arrangement of electronic active devices where the "output" of one active device is coupled directly to the "input" of another device, placing them in series. A plain resistive load can be substituted for one of the active devices, usually the one which connects to either Vcc or GND. A cascode can be used to create a large resistive load for an amplifier, which results in high gain at high frequencies and low signal noise. It can also be used, along with current mirrorring, to create a "constant" current source. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cascode"
In circuit design, clock skew is a phenomenon in synchronous circuits in which the clock signal (sent from the clock circuit) arrives at different components at different times. This is typically due to two causes. The first is a material flaw, which causes a signal to travel faster or slower than expected. The second is distance: if the signal has to travel the entire length of a circuit, it will likely (depending on the circuit's size) arrive at different parts of the circuit at different times. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clock skew"
Conductive coupling: Energy transfer achieved by means of physical contact, i.e., coupling other than inductive or capacitive coupling. ...more on Wikipedia about "Conductive coupling"
The Crest factor of a waveform is equal to the peak amplitude divided by the RMS value. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crest factor"
In telecommunication, the term crosstalk (XT) has the following meanings: ...more on Wikipedia about "Crosstalk (telecommunication)"
In electronics, cutoff frequency (fc) is the frequency either above which or below which the power output of a circuit, such as a line, amplifier, or filter, is reduced to 1/2 of the passband power; the half-power point. This is equivalent to a voltage (or amplitude) reduction to 70.7% of the passband, because voltage V2 is proportional to power P. This happens to be close to −3 decibels, and the cutoff frequency is frequently referred to as the −3 dB point. Also called the knee frequency, due to a frequency response curve's physical appearance. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cutoff frequency"
:The term damping factor can also refer to the amount of damping in an oscillatory system ...more on Wikipedia about "Damping factor"
A distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of an object, image, sound, waveform or other form of information or representation. Distortion is usually avoided and unwanted because it skews signals. However, there are acceptions, such as electric guitars (where disortion is often wanted through the amplifier),analog tape, and vaccum tubes (both offer pleasing harmonics with slight distortion). ...more on Wikipedia about "Distortion"
The distortion power factor is used in power electronics to describe how a load's harmonic distortion of the current decreases the average power transferred to the load. Distortion power factor is an important factor in the calculation of true power factor, which describes the decrease in average power transferred due to harmonics and to phase shift between voltage and current. ...more on Wikipedia about "Distortion power factor"
In telecommunication, the term duty cycle has the following meanings: ...more on Wikipedia about "Duty cycle"
Electrical impedance or simply impedance is a measure of opposition to a ' sinusoidal' electric current. The concept of electrical impedance generalizes Ohm's law in AC circuit analysis. Unlike electrical resistance, the impedance of an electric circuit can be a complex number. Oliver Heaviside coined the term impedance in July of 1886. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electrical impedance"
An electrical overload is a situation where an electrical machine or system is subjected to a greater load than it was designed for. This can be caused by short circuit, by incorrect installation, or by misuse such as running a high-powered appliance off a low-power extension cable. Systems should incorporate suitable overload protection devices to prevent damage should such a situation occur. Fuses and circuit breakers are commonly employed for this purpose. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electrical overload"
Equivalent series inductance (ESL) is an effective inductance that is used to describe the inductive part of the impedance of certain electrical components. ...more on Wikipedia about "Equivalent series inductance"
Equivalent series resistance (ESR) is an effective resistance that is used to describe the resistive parts of the impedance of certain electrical components. ...more on Wikipedia about "Equivalent series resistance"
Frequency response is the measure of any system's response at the output to a signal of varying frequency (but constant amplitude) at its input. It is usually referred to in connection with electronic amplifiers and similar systems. The frequency response is typically characterized by the magnitude of the system's response, measured in dB, versus frequency. The frequency response of a system can be measured by: ...more on Wikipedia about "Frequency response"
In electronics, gain is usually taken as the mean ratio of the signal output of a system to the signal input of the system. A gain of five would imply that either the voltage or power is increased by a factor of five. It has wide application in amplifiers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gain"
Grid leak is an inherent operating characteristic of triodes and other vacuum tubes. It is the small flow of current through the grid of a tube into the circuit which feeds the grid. This current is caused by the small negative EMF which is present in all vacuum valves as a result of a space charge within the envelope of the tube. The space charge is part of the thermionic effect, which is the fundamental phenomenon behind all vacuum tubes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Grid leak"
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