Endocrinology Endocrinology Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland, and account for about 10% of intracranial neoplasms. They often remain undiagnosed, and small pituitary tumors are found in 6 to 24 percent of adults at autopsy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pituitary adenoma"
In medicine and physiology, the Pituitary-adrenal axis, also termed the Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, is the hormonal system of which the effector organ is the adrenal cortex. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pituitary-adrenal axis"
POEMS syndrome is a very rare medical syndrome named for its main clinically recognizable features: polyneuropathy (peripheral nerve damage), organomegaly (enlargement of liver or spleen), endocrinopathy (damage to hormone-producing glands)/ edema (swelling of organs or tissue), M-protein (an abnormal antibody), and skin changes (including hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis). It is also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome, Takatsuki disease, or PEP syndrome. ...more on Wikipedia about "POEMS syndrome"
Polydipsia is a medical term meaning abnormally large (poly-) intake of fluids by mouth. That is, drinking (-dipsia). The fluid is usually water, though some people may think of alcohol because of the etymologically related term dipsomaniac, meaning an alcoholic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Polydipsia"
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a form of osteoporosis that commonly occurs during the decades after menopause. It is a pathological condition of the human skeleton that is characterized by the following features : ...more on Wikipedia about "Postmenopausal osteoporosis"
Premarin is a mixture of estrogens isolated from mare's urine (PREgnant MARes' urINe) made by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. Premarin has been one of the most widely used drugs in the United States of America. Premarin became the form of estrogen most commonly used for hormone replacement therapy. The major forms of estrogen in Premarin are estrone (>50%), equilin (15-25%) and equilenin. The estrogens in Premarin are often called "conjugated equine estrogens" (CEE) because the estrogen molecules are generally present with hydrophilic side-groups attached such as sulfate. Thus, estrone sulfate is actually the major molecule in Premarin. Estrone sulfate is easily absorbed into the blood after Premarin pills are taken by women. Estrone sulfate is converted to estradiol, an active estrogen normally found in women. It is not clear if estrogens such as equilin that are foreign to the human body have effects in women that are significantly different from the estrogens like estradiol that are normally made in the human body. ...more on Wikipedia about "Premarin"
Primary hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium levels) through the excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), usually by an adenoma (benign tumors) of the parathyroid glands. Its incidence is approximately 42 per 100,000 people. It is approximately two to three times as common in women than men. ...more on Wikipedia about "Primary hyperparathyroidism"
A prolactinoma is a benign tumor ( adenoma) of the pituitary gland that produces a hormone called prolactin. It is the most common type of pituitary tumor. Symptoms of prolactinoma are caused by too much prolactin in the blood ( hyperprolactinemia) or by pressure of the tumor on surrounding tissues. ...more on Wikipedia about "Prolactinoma"
In biology, the hormone called PYY 3-36 plays a critical role in decreasing appetites, making us aware of fullness of our stomach. The injection of PYY in rats in an experiment revealed that they eat much less by 30% than usual, resulting in weight loss. This also applies to the human body. Therefore, researchers have thought that this could be used a very effective treatment for obesity, though it has not yet perfectly admitted as a practical drug. PYY 3-36 has been lauded as likely to be safer than other drugs used to treat obesity. ...more on Wikipedia about "PYY 3-36"
Radioimmunoassay is a scientific method used to test antigens (for example, hormone levels in the blood) without the need to use a bioassay. It involves mixing known quantities of radioactive antigen (frequently labelled with gamma-radioactive isotopes of iodine attached to tyrosine) with antibody to that antigen, then adding unlabeled or "cold" antigen and measuring the amount of labeled antigen displaced. ...more on Wikipedia about "Radioimmunoassay"
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system that helps regulate long-term blood pressure and blood volume in the body. ...more on Wikipedia about "Renin-angiotensin system"
The Tanner stages (also known as the Tanner scale) are stages of physical development in children, adolescents and adults. The stages define physical measurements of development based on external primary and secondary sex characteristics, such as the size of the breasts, genitalia, and development of pubic hair. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tanner stage"
Thyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid gland. There are four forms: papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic. The most common forms (papillary and follicular) are fairly benign, and the medullary form also has a good prognosis; the anaplastic form is fast-growing and poorly responsive to therapy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Thyroid cancer"
Thyroid hormone resistance describes a rare syndrome where the thyroid hormone levels are elevated but the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is not suppressed, or not completely suppressed as would be expected. ...more on Wikipedia about "Thyroid hormone resistance"
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Whipple's triad or Whipple's criteria is a medical term which refers to three conditions that are considered by physicians necessary for proving hypoglycemia as the cause of a person's symptoms. They are stated in various versions, but the essential conditions are: ...more on Wikipedia about "Whipple's triad"
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was initiated by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1991. The objective of this women's health research initiative was to conduct medical research into some of the major health problems of older women. In particular, clinical trials were designed and funded that address cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Women's Health Initiative"
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