English phonology English phonology * GAm is rhotic while RP is non-rhotic; that is, R is only pronounced in RP when it is immediately followed by a vowel. Where GAm has before a consonant, RP either has nothing (if the preceding vowel is or , as in bore and bar) or has a schwa instead (the resulting sequences are centring diphthongs or triphthongs). Similarly, where GAm has r-coloured vowels ( or , as in cupboard or bird), RP has plain vowels or . However many British accents, especially in Scotland and the West Country, are rhotic, and some American accents, such as the traditional Boston accent, are non-rhotic. ...more on Wikipedia about "American and British English pronunciation differences"
A brogue is a strong dialectal accent, notably in the Irish language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brogue"
Canadian raising is a phonetic phenomenon that occurs in varieties of the English language, especially Canadian English, in which diphthongs are "raised" before voiceless consonants (e.g., , , , , ). For example, IPA (the vowel of "eye") and (the vowel of "loud") become and , respectively, the component of the diphthong going from a low vowel to schwa . As is an allophone of (as in "road") in many other dialects, the Canadian pronunciation of "about the house" may sound like *"a boat the hoas" to non-Canadians. Some stand-up and situation comedians exaggerate this to *"aboot the hoos" for comic effect. ...more on Wikipedia about "Canadian raising"
In English phonetics and phonology, checked vowels are those that usually must be followed by a consonant in a stressed syllable, while free vowels are those that may stand in a stressed open syllable with no following consonant. ...more on Wikipedia about "Checked and free vowels"
Definite Article Reduction (DAR) is the term used in recent linguistic work to refer to the use of vowel-less forms of the definite article in northern dialects of English English, for example in the Yorkshire dialect and accent, often represented t’ or th’. ...more on Wikipedia about "Definite article reduction"
English phonology is the study of the way speech sounds pattern in the English language. Like all languages, spoken English has wide variation in its pronunciation both diachronically and synchronically from dialect to dialect. This variation is especially salient in English, because the language is spoken over such a wide territory, being the predominant language in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States in addition to being spoken as a first or second language by people in countries on every continent. With no conclusive, internationally recognized standards for English, even the English spoken in different countries can occasionally prove to be an impediment to understanding what is said, although for the most part the different regional accents of English are mutually intelligible. ...more on Wikipedia about "English phonology"
Flapping is a phonological process found in many dialects of English, especially American, Canadian and Australian English, by which prevocalic and surface as the alveolar flap after sonorants other than ŋ, m, and (in some environments) l. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flapping" http://www.shortopedia.com , this is it!
English is a West Germanic language that originated from the Old Saxon language and related dialects brought to Britain by Germanic settlers from various parts of northwest Germany. The original Old English language was subsequently influenced by two successive waves of invasion. The first was by speakers of languages in the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic family, who colonised parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries. The second wave was of the Normans in the 11th century, who spoke a variety of French. These two invasions caused English to become "mixed" to some degree (though it was never a truly mixed language in the linguistic sense of the word; mixed languages arise from the cohabitation of speakers of different languages, who develop a hybrid tongue for basic communication.) Cohabitation with the Scandinavians resulted in a significant grammatical simplification and lexical enrichment of the Anglo-Frisian core of English; the later Norman occupation led to the grafting onto that Germanic core a more elaborate layer of words from the Romance branch of European languages; this new layer entered English through use in the courts and government. Thus, English developed into a "borrowing" language of considerable suppleness and huge vocabulary. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of the English language"
Symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet as used for English. ...more on Wikipedia about "International Phonetic Alphabet for English"
This is a concise version of the International Phonetic Alphabet for English sounds. ...more on Wikipedia about "IPA chart for English"
In linguistics, l-vocalization is a process by which an sound (a lateral consonant) is replaced by a vowel or semivowel sound. This happens most often to the velarized alveolar lateral approximant . ...more on Wikipedia about "L-vocalization"
(List of names in English with non-intuitive pronunciations) * Canyon de Chelly, Arizona — Chelly pronounced ...more on Wikipedia about "List of names in English with non-intuitive pronunciations"
Note: The pronunciations below are displayed in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). See International Phonetic Alphabet for English for information on how to decipher the different phonetic symbols. Some pronunciations are subdivided into (a) GenAm ( rhotic, with flat A in words like bath, ask, and the father-bother merger) and (b) RP (nonrhotic, with broad A and no father-bother merger). The differences between (a) and (b) forms are generally not the differences under discussion. Rhotic pronunciations are given first in these cases for consistency. This does not imply that rhotic pronunciations are preferred or are the local pronunciation in the case of place names. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of words of disputed pronunciation"
Non-native pronunciations of English result from the common linguistic phenomenon in which non- native speakers of the English language, as is the case with non-native users of any language, tend to carry the intonation, phonological processes, and pronunciation rules from their mother tongue into their English speech. They may also create innovative pronunciations for English sounds not found in the speaker's first language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Non-native pronunciations of English"
As a result of NG coalescence, Middle English sing came to be pronounced . As well as in word-final position, NG coalescence was applied also in cases where a verb ending in -ng was followed by a vowel-initial suffix, so singing and singer also underwent the change. Otherwise, word-internal -ng- did not undergo coalescence and the pronunciation was retained, as in finger and angle. Additionally, in adjectives ending in -ng the is retained when the comparative and superlative suffixes are added, so younger, strongest, etc., do not show coalescence. ...more on Wikipedia about "Phonological history of English consonants"
Tense-lax neutralisation refers to a neutralisation, in a particular phonological context in a particular language, of the normal distinction between tense and lax vowels. In most varieties of English, this occurs in particular before and (in rhotic dialects) before non-intervocalic /r/ (that is, /r/ followed by a consonant or at the end of a word); it also occurs, to a lesser extent, before tautosyllabic and . Some varieties (including most American English dialects) have significant vocalic neutralisation before intervocalic /r/, as well. See English-language vowel changes before historic r. ...more on Wikipedia about "Phonological history of English vowels"
NOTE: In the following description, abbreviations are used as follows: ...more on Wikipedia about "Phonological history of the English language"
The pronunciation of the words Celt and Celtic in their various meanings has been surrounded by some confusion: the initial,
In English, the digraph The regional accents of English speakers show great variation across the areas where English is spoken as a first language. This article provides an overview of the many identifiable variations in pronunciation, usually deriving from the phoneme inventory of the local dialect, of the local variety of Standard English between various populations of native English speakers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Regional accents of English speakers"
English pronunciation is divided into two main accent groups, the rhotic and the non-rhotic, depending on when the phoneme (the letter "r", equivalent to Greek rho) is pronounced. Rhotic speakers pronounce written "r" in all positions (although many rhotic speakers omit it in French loan words where "r" is silent, such as dossier). Non-rhotic speakers pronounce "r" only if it is followed by a vowel (see " linking R"). In linguistic terms, non-rhotic accents are said to exclude in the syllable coda. This is commonly referred to as postvocalic R, although that term can be misleading because not all R's that occur after vowels are excluded in non-rhotic English. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rhotic and non-rhotic accents"
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This is a concise version of SAMPA for English sounds. ...more on Wikipedia about "SAMPA chart for English"
Trisyllabic laxing or trisyllabic shortening is a process in English whereby long diphthong sounds (said to be tense) become short monophthongs (lax) in word formation, normally in words of three syllables. ...more on Wikipedia about "Trisyllabic laxing"
In the phonology of stress-timed languages, the weak form of a word is a form that may be used when the word has no stress, and which is phonemically distinct from the strong form used when the word is stressed. The strong form serves as the citation form. A weak form is an unstressed syllable, and is therefore distinct from a clitic form, which is not a syllable at all but rather fused with the end syllable of an adjacent word. A word may have multiple weak forms, or none. In some contexts, the strong form may be used even where the word is unstressed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Weak form and strong form"
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represents two phonemes, the voiced dental fricative /ð/ (as in this) and the voiceless dental fricative /θ/ (thing). ...more on Wikipedia about "Pronunciation of English th"
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