Environmental science Environmental science In biology, Abiotic components are nonliving chemical and physical factors in the environment. Often, these are described as light, temperature, water, atmospheric gases, wind as well as soil (edaphic) and physiographic (nature of land surface) factors. ...more on Wikipedia about "Abiotic components"
Acid deposition is an environmental term referring to a complex chemical and atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and other substances are transformed by chemical processes in the atmosphere, often far from the original sources, and then deposited on earth in either wet or dry form. The wet forms, popularly called acid rain, can fall to earth as rain, snow, or fog. The dry forms are acidic gases or particulates. See "acid rain' for more information. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acid deposition"
Acid mine drainage (AMD), also called acid rock water or acid rock drainage (ARD), refers to the outflow of acidic water from (usually) abandoned metal mines or coal mines. However, other distured areas, such as construction sites, subdivisions and transportation corridors etc may also contribute acid rock drainage to the environment. In many localities the liquor that drains from coal stocks, coal handling facilities, coal washeries, and even coal waste tips can be highly acidic, and in such cases it is treated as acid rock drainage. Acid rock drainage occurs naturally within most environments as part of the rock weathering process but is exacerbated by large-scale earth disturbances characteristic of mining and other large construction activities, usually within rocks containing an abundance of sulfide minerals. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acid mine drainage"
Acid rain is defined as any type of precipitation with a pH of below 5.0. Normal rain has a pH which can range between 4.5 and 5.6 with an average value of 5.0. This natural acidity is caused by dissolved carbon dioxide dissociating to form weak carbonic acid. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acid rain"
Aerology is the study of Earth's atmosphere. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aerology"
Anthropogenic effects or processes are derived from human activities, as opposed to effects or processes that occur in the natural environment without human influences. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anthropogenic"
Biodegradability prediction is biologically-inspired computing and attempts to predict biodegradability of anthropogenic materials in the environment. Demand for biodegradability prediction is expected to increase with governments stepping up environmental regulations (see, for instance, testing for bioaccumulation in the REACH proposal) ...more on Wikipedia about "Biodegradability prediction"
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The crude birth rate measures the number of live births registered during a year, per 1,000 estimated resident population. This figure is combined with the crude death rate to produce the rate of population expansion. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crude birth rate"
Pollutants are causing frog deformities such as multiple limbs, stunted growth or misplaced eyes. Researcher and naturalist Gary Fellers has been tracking the deformation and decline of the frog population in Yosemite National Park in California. He attributed these occurrences directly to " pesticides wafting over the Sierra Nevada mountains from...farms in California's Central Valley". ("What's Killing the Frogs?” Newsweek May 13, 2003, pg 46). ...more on Wikipedia about "Decline in frog populations"
==Gaussian Air Pollutant Dispersion Equation== ...more on Wikipedia about "Dispersion modeling of air pollutants"
Ecoinformatics is the science of information ( Informatics) in Ecology and Environmental science. It aims to a synthesis of the sciences of the environment and of information that defines the entities and processes of natural systems with a language that both humans and computers can process. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ecoinformatics"
Ecology, or ecological science, is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how these properties are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment. The environment of an organism includes both the physical properties, which can be described as the sum of local abiotic factors like climate and geology, as well as the other organisms that share its habitat. The term oekologie was coined in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel; the word is derived from the Greek oikos ("household") and logos ("study")–therefore, "ecology" means the "study of the household of nature". ...more on Wikipedia about "Ecology"
Environmental biotechnology is when biotechnology is applied to and used to study the natural environment. Environmental biotechnology could also imply that one try to harness biological process for commercial uses and exploitation. The International Society of Environmental Biotechnology defines environmental biotechnology as "the development, use and regulation of biological systems for remediation of contaminated environments ( land, air, water), and for environment-friendly processes (green manufacturing technologies and sustainable development)". ...more on Wikipedia about "Environmental biotechnology"
Environmental ethics or environmental philosophy considers the ethical relationship between human beings and the environment in which they live. It exerts influence on a large range of disciplines including law, sociology, theology, economics and geography. There are many ethical decisions that human beings make with respect to the environment. For example: ...more on Wikipedia about "Environmental ethics"
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Environmental science is the study of the interactions between biological components of the environment and the physical, chemical components; with a focus on pollution and degradation of the environment related mainly due to human activities; and the impact on the environment to biodiversity and sustainability from local and global development. ...more on Wikipedia about "Environmental science"
Flue Gas Desulfurization is a term for a process which removes sulfur oxides such as sulfur dioxide from the flue gases of a coal fired furnace. It can be used to prevent the burning of coal leading to acid rain. In addition it can be used to lower the nitrogen oxide content of the flue gas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flue Gas Desulfurization"
Groundwater is water which may be flowing within aquifers below the water table. Within aquifers, the water flows through the pore spaces in unconsolidated sediments and the fractures of rocks. Groundwater is recharged from, and eventually flows to, the surface naturally; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps and can form oases or swamps. Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal and industrial use through man-made wells. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Groundwater"
Hydrology (from Greek: Yδρoλoγια, Yδωρ+Λoγos, Hydrologia, the "study of water") is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth, and thus addresses both the hydrologic cycle and water resources. A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist, working within the fields of either earth or environmental science, or civil and environmental engineering. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hydrology"
Irrigation (in agriculture) is the replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops. In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is sometimes referred to as dryland farming. ...more on Wikipedia about "Irrigation"
Isotope hydrology is a field of hydrology that provides a fast, cheap, and reliable way to discover the age, origins, size, flow and fate of a water source for purposes of sound water-use policy, mapping underground aquifers, conserving water supplies, and controlling pollution. It replaces or suppliments past methods of measuring rain, river levels and other bodies of water over many decades. ...more on Wikipedia about "Isotope hydrology"
Latent heat flux is the flux of heat from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere that is associated with evaporation of water at the surface and subsequent condensation of water vapor in the troposphere. It is an important component of Earth's surface energy budget. ...more on Wikipedia about "Latent heat flux"
The MegaFlyover project was a seven month aerial survey from June 2004 to January 2005 by explorer/ecologist J. Michael Fay and pilot Peter Ragg sponsored by the National Geographic Society and others. They criss-crossed Africa from South Africa to Morocco in a modified Cessna 182, logging 60,000 miles (about 100,000 kilometers) and taking more than 100,000 high-resolution digital GPS-marked images shot from low altitude (every 20 seconds). ...more on Wikipedia about "MegaFlyover"
The MegaTransect was a project in 1999 by J. Michael Fay to spend 455 days hiking 2000 km across the Congo Basin in Africa to survey the ecological and environmental status of the region. It is named for the transect methodology. ...more on Wikipedia about "MegaTransect"
Nature (also called the material world, the material universe, the natural world, and the natural universe) is all matter and energy, especially in its essential form. Nature is the subject of scientific study, and the history of the concept is linked to the history of science. The English word derives from a Latin term, natura, which was in turn a translation of a Greek term, physis (φύσις). Natura is related to the Latin words relating to " birth", while physis relates to Greek words relating to " growth". In scale, "nature" includes everything from the universal to the subatomic. This includes all things animal, plant, and mineral; all natural resources and events ( hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes). It also includes the behaviour of living animals, and processes associated with inanimate objects - the "way" that things change. ...more on Wikipedia about "Nature"
The Patuxent Wildlife Research Center is a biological research center in Maryland. It is one of only 17 research centers in the United States run by the U.S. Geological Survey. It stands near the Patuxent River, for which it was named. ...more on Wikipedia about "Patuxent Wildlife Research Center"
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