Enzymes Enzymes 11-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (HSD11B) is the name of a family of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of inert 11 keto-products ( cortisone) to active cortisol, or vice versa, thus regulating the access of glucocorticoids to the steroid receptors. ...more on Wikipedia about "11Beta Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase"
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyses carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA through its two catalytic activities, biotin carboxylase (BC) and carboxyltransferase (CT). ACC is a multi-subunit enzyme in most prokaryotes, whereas it is a large, multi-domain enzyme in most eukaryotes. The activity of ACC can be controlled at the transcriptional level as well as by small molecule modulators and covalent modification. Human genome contains the genes for two different ACCs - ACACA and ACACB. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acetyl-CoA carboxylase"
Activation-Induced (Cytidine) Deaminase (AID) is a 24 kDa enzyme that removes the amino group from the cytidine base in DNA. ...more on Wikipedia about "Activation-Induced (Cytidine) Deaminase"
The active site of an enzyme is the binding site where catalysis occurs. The structure and chemical properties of the active site allow the recognition and binding of the substrate. ...more on Wikipedia about "Active site"
An adaptive enzyme or inducible enzyme is an enzyme that is expressed only under conditions in which it is clear of adaptive value, as opposed to a constitutive enzyme which is produced all the time. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adaptive enzyme"
Aldolase is an enzyme which catalyses the aldol reaction: The substrate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) is broken down into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate ( DHAP). This reaction is a part of glycolysis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aldolase"
An aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (abbreviated aaRs) is an enzyme that catalyzes the binding of a specific amino acid to a tRNA to form an aminoacyl-tRNA. The synthetase hydrolyzes ATP to bind the appropriate amino acid to the 3' hydroxyl of the tRNA molecule. It also mediates a proofreading reaction to ensure high fidelity of tRNA charging; if the tRNA is found to be improperly charged, the amino acid-tRNA bond is hydrolyzed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase"
Amylase ( ) ( CAS# 9014-71-5) is a digestive enzyme classified as a saccharidase (an enzyme that cleaves polysaccharides). It is mainly a constituent of pancreatic juice and saliva, needed for the breakdown of long-chain carbohydrates (such as starch) into smaller units. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amylase"
Apyrase is A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apyrase"
Argininosuccinate synthetase is an enzyme that participates in the urea cycle, which is a sequence of chemical reactions that takes place in the cells of the liver. The urea cycle processes excess nitrogen (which is generated as the body uses proteins) into a compound called urea that is excreted from the body in urine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Argininosuccinate synthetase"
An ATP synthase ( ) is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate by utilizing some form of energy. The overall reaction sequence is: ...more on Wikipedia about "ATP synthase"
An autolysin is an enzyme that hydrolyzes (and destroys) the components of a biological cell or a tissue in which it is produced. ...more on Wikipedia about "Autolysin"
Branching enzyme is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of glycogen. Glycogen is made of several glucose units put together. A unit of glycogen is made of 12 glucose molecules, and at the twelfth molecule, a new "unit" is branched off from the previous one, consisting of 12 more glucose molecules. Glucose is linked to other individual glucoses by alpha 1, 4 linkages. The placement of one glucose to another is catalyzed by the enzyme glycogen synthase. At a branching point, though, the linkages are not alpha 1, 4 they are alpha 1, 6, and therefore another enzyme is needed for the addition of an entire glucose unit, and this enzyme is branching enzyme. Branching enzyme attaches a string of seven glucose residues to the sixth carbon of a glucose molecule, usually in an interior location. ...more on Wikipedia about "Branching enzyme"
Calcineurin (CN) is a protein phosphatase also known as protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B). Is responsible for activating the transcription of IL-2, that stimulates the growth and differentiation of T cell response. In immunosuppressive therapy it is inhibited by cyclosporine and tacrolimus (FK506) - these drugs are known as calcineurin inhibitors. Calcineurin dephosphorylates NFATc, a transcription factor that can then go into the nucleus and turn on genes involved in heart valve elongation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Calcineurin" Visit again http://www.shortopedia.com
Calmodulin kinase (Camk) is a kinase enzyme. One example is CaMK II. ...more on Wikipedia about "Calmodulin kinase"
Calpain is calcium-dependent, non- lysosomal proteolytic enzyme found in the brain (Castillo and Babson, 1998). The enzyme normally plays a role in cell function, helping to regulate clotting and the diameter of blood vessels, and playing a role in memory (National Stroke Association, 2002). ...more on Wikipedia about "Calpain"
Carbohydrase is a group of enzymes (as amylase) that promote hydrolysis or synthesis of a carbohydrate (as a disaccharide). ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbohydrase"
Carbonic anhydrase (carbonate dehydratase) is a family of zinc-containing enzymes that catalyze the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, protons, and bicarbonate ions. It increases the efficiency of the reaction about a million-fold. Its active site contains a zinc ion. The primary function of the enzyme, which is found on red blood cells, is to catalyse carbon dioxide. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbonic anhydrase"
Chymotrypsinogen is a precursor of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin ( zymogen). ...more on Wikipedia about "Chymotrypsinogen"
In competitive inhibition, the molecule binds to the same active site as the normal enzyme substrate, but doesn't activate it. The substrate molecules cannot enter the active site while the inhibitor is there, and inhibitors cannot enter the site when the substrate is there. Characteristic for this mode of inhibition is that increasing the concentration of substrate reduces the effect of the inhibitor, and vice-versa. ...more on Wikipedia about "Competitive inhibitor"
Diastase (from Greek διαστασις = "separation") is a group of enzymes which catalyses the breakdown of starch into glucose. It was the first enzyme discovered, in 1833 by Anselme Payen, who found it in malt solution. Today, diastase means any α-, β-, or γ- amylase ( hydrolases) that can break down carbohydrates. ...more on Wikipedia about "Diastase" Don't hesitate to contact stuff on www.shortopedia.com
Digestive enzymes are enzymes in the alimentary tract with a purpose of breaking down components of food so that they can be taken up by the organism. The main sites of action are the oral cavity, the stomach, the duodenum and the jejunum. They are secreted by different glands: the salivary glands, the glands in the stomach, the pancreas, and the glands in the small intestines. ...more on Wikipedia about "Digestive enzyme"
Dihydrofolate reductase ( , ), or DHFR, reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in 1-carbon transfer chemistry. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dihydrofolate reductase"
DNA glycosylases are a family of enzymes involved in Base excision repair. Base excision repair is the mechanism by which nucleotide residues in DNA with chemically altered nitrogen bases can be removed and replaced. ...more on Wikipedia about "DNA glycosylases"
EC numbers (Enzyme Commission numbers) are a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. ...more on Wikipedia about "EC number"
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