Ethnocentrism

American Exceptionalism, a term coined by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1831, has been historically referred to as the perception that the United States differs qualitatively from other developed nations, because of its unique origins, national credo, historical evolution, and distinctive political and religious institutions. ¹ ...more on Wikipedia about "American exceptionalism"

Chinese nationalism refers to cultural, historiographical, and political theories, movements and beliefs that assert the idea of a cohesive, unified Chinese people and culture under state(s) that are primarily Chinese. One difficulty in this definition is the wide variation and ambiguities in the definition of the term Chinese. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chinese nationalism"

Throughout history, various groups have considered themselves chosen by God for some purpose. This status may be viewed as a mark of superiority or a rank of special purpose and responsibility. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chosen people"

Cultural bias is interpreting and judging phenomena in terms particular to one's own culture. This is a danger in any field of knowledge that claims objectivity and universality, such as philosophy and the natural sciences. The problem of cultural bias is central to social and human sciences, such as economics, psychology, anthropology and sociology, which have had to develop methods and theories to compensate for or eliminate cultural bias. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cultural bias"

Cultural suppression occurs when a culture is suppressed, usually coinciding with the promotion of another culture. It is often related to cultural imperialism ...more on Wikipedia about "Cultural suppression"

The use of ethnic stereotypes in American media has been a dominant and resonant topic since early United States history. Art being a reflection of the society, the ethnic stereotypes typically represent a point of view toward an ethnic group. Early media portrayals of Afrans, Asians, Native Americans, Irish, Germans, and others tended to be overtly racist. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethnic stereotypes in American media"

Ethnocentrism ( Greek ethnos ("nation" + -centrism) or ethnocentricity is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own ethnic culture. Many claim that ethnocentrism occurs in every society; ironically, ethnocentrism may be something that all cultures have in common. People often feel this occurring during what some call "culture shock". ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethnocentrism" www.shortopedia.com - now!

Eurocentrism is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of placing emphasis on European (and, generally, Western) concerns, culture and values at the expense of those of other cultures. It is an instance of ethnocentrism, perhaps especially relevant because of its alignment with current and past real power structures in the world. It can be a less overt form of white supremacy. Eurocentrism often involved claiming cultures that were not white or European as being such, or denying their existance at all. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eurocentrism"

Han chauvinism (大汉族主义) or Hanism (汉本位) is a highly pejorative term which is used in the People's Republic of China to refer to policies and viewpoints which favor the Han Chinese majority ethnic group in China at the expense of the other minority ethnic groups. In China, it is generally used to describe supremacist or ethnocentric versions of Chinese nationalism focused upon the Han Chinese identity. It often constructs enemies of Manchus, Mongols and subgroups of the Han nationality that oppose a monolithic view of the nationality, and emphasizes nostalgia in expansionary exploits by Chinese dynasties identified with the Han nationality. ...more on Wikipedia about "Han chauvinism"

Nationalism is an ideology which holds that the nation, ethnicity or national identity is a "fundamental unit" of human social life, and makes certain cultural and political claims based upon that belief; in particular, the claim that the nation is "the only legitimate basis for the state", and that "each nation is entitled to its own state". Nationalism should nevertheless be distinguished from patriotism, since the former focuses on the national community that is situated, for the most part, within civil society while the latter stresses instead the civic or political community, that which is expressed by a state or government. ...more on Wikipedia about "Nationalism"

Nazism was the ideology held by the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, commonly called NSDAP or the Nazi Party), which was led by its Führer (leader), Adolf Hitler. The word Nazism is most often used in connection with the dictatorship of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (the " Third Reich"), and it is derived from the term National Socialism ( German: Nationalsozialismus, often abbreviated NS). Adherents of Nazism held that the Aryan race were superior to other races, and they promoted Germanic racial supremacy and a strong, centrally governed state. Nazism has been outlawed in modern Germany, yet small remnants and revivalists, known as " Neo-Nazis", continue to operate in Germany and abroad. ...more on Wikipedia about "Nazism"

Nihonjinron (日本人論, "discourse on, theories about, the Japanese") refers to a vast and highly popular genre of writing purporting to examine the characteristics--national, social, cultural, behavioural and spiritual--which are presumed to be unique to the Japanese people. The essential premise of nihonjinron is that the Japanese people and their culture are unlike any other in the world -- unlike especially either Westerners (frequently typified by Americans) or Asians such as the Chinese and (and to a lesser degree) the Koreans. ...more on Wikipedia about "Nihonjinron"

Purushottam Nagesh Oak (born 1917), usually known as P. N. Oak, is a Maharashtrian Brahmin historian associated with the Hindutva movement. ...more on Wikipedia about "Purushottam Nagesh Oak"

Sinocentrism is any ethnocentric perspective that regards China to be central or unique relative to other countries. In pre-modern times, this took the form of viewing China as the only civilization in the world, and foreign nations or ethnic groups as barbarians. In modern times, this can take the form of according China unwarranted significance or supremacy at the cost of other nations in East Asia or elsewhere in the world. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sinocentrism"

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The Culture of Critique series comprises Kevin B. MacDonald's principal writings on Judaism and Jewish culture: ...more on Wikipedia about "The Culture of Critique series"

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