Evidence Evidence Admissible evidence, in a court of law, is any testimonial, documentary, or tangible evidence that may be introduced to a factfinder - usually a judge or jury in order to establish or to bolster a point put forth by a party to the proceeding. In order for evidence to be admissible, it must be relevant, without being prejudicial, and it have some indicia of reliability. ...more on Wikipedia about "Admissible evidence"
An affidavit is a formal sworn statement of fact, written down, signed, and witnessed (as to the veracity of the signature) by a taker of oaths, such as a notary public. The name is Medieval Latin for he has declared upon oath. ...more on Wikipedia about "Affidavit"
The Aguilar-Spinelli test was a judicial guideline set down by the Supreme Court of the United States for evaluation of the validity of a search warrant based on information by provided by a confidential informant or an anonymous tip. The Supreme Court abandoned the Auguilar-Spinelli test in Illinois v. Gates, in favor of a rule that evaluates the reliability of the information under the "totality of the circumstances." ...more on Wikipedia about "Aguilar-Spinelli test"
An ambush defence is one in which defence evidence - notably from expert witnesses - has not been adduced in advance to the prosecuting authorities, leading to their inability to rebut it. The term is used in United Kingdom jurisprudence. Since 1987, the possibility of the ambush defence has been much reduced by The Crown Court (Advance Notice of Expert Evidence) Rules 1987, made under section 81 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, which in essence require the defence to provide the prosecution with copies of expert witness reports in sufficient time for the prosecution to consider the nature of and if necessary prepare rebuttal evidence opposing the report. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ambush defence"
An ancient document, in the law of evidence, refers to both a means of authentication for a piece of documentary evidence, and an exception to the hearsay rule. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ancient document"
There is no universal common usage of or accepted general meaning for Anecdotal evidence. "Anecdotal evidence" is an informal account of information from the teller's personal knowledge and experience, of information the teller has learned informally by hearsay or of information claimed to have existed which never has or whose existence cannot be verified independently of the teller. It may be comprised of any of or any combination of factual, fictional, true or false information. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anecdotal evidence"
Argumentative is an evidentiary objection raised in response to a question which prompts a witness to draw inferences from facts of the case. An argumentative objection is raised as "badgering the witness." ...more on Wikipedia about "Argumentative"
Authentication, in the law of evidence, is the process by which documentary evidence and other physical evidence is proven to be genuine, and not a forgery. Generally, authentification can be shown in one of two ways. First, a witness can testify as to the chain of custody through which the evidence passed from the time of the discovery up until the trial. Second, the evidence can be authenticated by the opinion of an expert witness examining the evidence to determine if it has all of the properties that it would be expected to have if it were authentic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Authentication (law)"
The best evidence rule is a common law rule of evidence which can be traced back at least as far as the 18th century. In Omychund v Barker ( 1745) 1 Atk, 21, 49; 26 ER 15, 33, Lord Harwicke stated that no evidence was admissible unless it was "the best that the nature of the case will allow". The general rule is that secondary evidence, such as a copy or facsimile, will be not be admissible if an original document is available. ...more on Wikipedia about "Best evidence rule"
In the common law, burden of proof is the obligation to prove allegations which are presented in a legal action. More colloquially, burden of proof refers to an obligation in a particular context to defend a position against a prima facie other position. ...more on Wikipedia about "Burden of proof"
The "chain of custody" is a concept in jurisprudence which applies to the handling of evidence and its integrity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chain of custody"
Character evidence is a term used in the law of evidence in the United States to describe any testimony or document submitted for the purpose of proving that a person acted in a particular way on a particular occasion based on the character or disposition of that person. There are three ways that such evidence might be presented in a court of law: ...more on Wikipedia about "Character evidence"
Circumstantial evidence is indirect evidence. Circumstantial evidence is the result of combining seemingly unrelated facts that, when considered together, can be used to infer a conclusion. Circumstantial evidence is usually a theory, supported by a significant quantity of corroborating evidence. ...more on Wikipedia about "Circumstantial evidence"
In United States law, this protection has been ruled by the United States Supreme Court to be guaranteed under the due process clause. If the court determines that a defendant's mental condition makes him unable to understand the proceedings, or that he is unable to help in his defense, he is likely to be found incompetent. The specific test, as determined in Dusky v. United States, is whether the accused "has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding—and whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him." Being determined incompetent is substantially different from undertaking an insanity defense; competence regards the defendant's state of mind at the time of the trial, while insanity regards his state of mind at the time of the crime. ...more on Wikipedia about "Competence (law)"
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A confession is where a suspect in a crime admits their guilt to the crime. ...more on Wikipedia about "Confession (legal)"
Corroborating evidence is evidence that tends to support a proposition that is already supported by some evidence. For example, W, a witness, testifies that she saw X drive his automobile into a green car. Y, another witness, testifies that when he examined X's car later that day he noticed green paint on its fender. ...more on Wikipedia about "Corroborating evidence"
In law, cross-examination is the interrogation of a witness called by one's opponent. It is preceded by direct examination and may be followed by a redirect. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cross-examination"
The Daubert Standard is a legal precedent set in 1993 by the Supreme Court of the United States regarding the admissibility of expert witnesses' testimony during legal proceedings. The citation is Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 ( 1993). ...more on Wikipedia about "Daubert Standard"
A dead man statute is a statute designed to prevent perjury in a civil case by prohibiting a witness who is an interested party from testifying about communications or transactions with a decedent, unless there is a waiver. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dead man statute"
Demonstrative evidence is evidence used to help a fact-finder establish the context of facts in presenting a case. ...more on Wikipedia about "Demonstrative evidence"
Dempster-Shafer theory is a mathematical theory of evidence ([SH76]) based on belief functions and plausible reasoning, which is used to combine separate pieces of information (evidence) to calculate the probability of an event. The theory was developed by Arthur P. Dempster and Glenn Shafer. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dempster-Shafer theory"
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In law, a deposition is the act or fact of taking sworn testimony of an ...more on Wikipedia about "Deposition (law)"
As a variation of Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) of evidence, the Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) of plausible and paradoxical reasoning allows to formally combine any kind of information (certain, uncertain, paradoxical). It was developed by Jean Dezert and Florentin Smarandache. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dezert-Smarandache theory"
Digital evidence or electronic evidence is any probative information stored or transmitted in digital form that a party to a court case may use at trial. ...more on Wikipedia about "Digital evidence"
Direct examination (also called examination in chief) is the questioning of a witness by the party who called him or her, in a trial in a court of law. Direct examination is usually performed to elicit evidence in support of facts which will satisfy a required element of a party's claim or defense. ...more on Wikipedia about "Direct examination" http://www.shortopedia.com, the smart choice. Evidence
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