Faults Faults The Alpine Fault is a geological fault, known as a right-lateral strike-slip fault, that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island. It forms a transform boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. Earthquakes along the fault, and the associated earth movements, have formed the Southern Alps. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alpine Fault"
The Basin and Range Province is a particular type of topography that covers much of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico that is typified by elongate north-south trending arid valleys bounded by mountain ranges which also bound adjacent valleys. Death Valley is a good example of a modified basin and range valley. ...more on Wikipedia about "Basin and Range"
The Clarendon-Linden fault system is a major series of fault lines in western New York state, USA. It extends through Orleans, Genesee, Wyoming, and into Allegany counties and is responsible for much of the seismic activity in the region. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clarendon-Linden fault system"
The Garlock Fault Line is a fault line running approximately northwest- southeast marking the northern boundary of the area known as the Mojave Block, as well as the southern ends of the Sierra Nevada and the valleys of the westernmost Basin and Range province. It intersects the (perhaps better known) San Andreas Fault in Antelope Valley, California. The motion of the Garlock causes deflection in the San Andreas, and deforms it slightly into a curve. The Garlock is the second largest fault in California behind the San Andreas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Garlock Fault"
Geologic faults or simply faults are planar rock fractures which show evidence of relative movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are the causal locations of most earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along faults. The largest examples are at tectonic plate boundaries, but many faults occur far from active plate boundaries. Since faults usually do not consist of a single, clean fracture, the term fault zone is used when referring to the zone of complex deformation associated with the fault plane. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geologic fault"
The Great Glen Fault is a long strike-slip fault or ancient transform fault that runs through its namesake the Great Glen (Glen Albyn) in Scotland. However, the fault is actually much longer and over 200 million years old. ...more on Wikipedia about "Great Glen Fault"
The Great Rift Valley is a vast geographical and geological feature that runs north to south for some 5,000 km, from northern Syria in Southwest Asia to central Mozambique in East Africa. The valley varies in width from 30-100 km and in depth from a few hundred to several thousand metres. It has been created through the rifting and separation of the African and Arabian tectonic plates that began around 35 million years ago in the north, and by the ongoing separation of East Africa from the rest of Africa along the East African Rift, which began about 15 million years ago. It was named by the explorer John Walter Gregory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Great Rift Valley"
The Hayward Fault Zone is located in northern California in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is parallel to and east of its more famous (and much longer) sister fault, the San Andreas Fault. To the east of the Hayward Fault lies the Calaveras Fault and beyond that the Clayton-Marsh Creek-Greenvile Fault and their northern and southern extensions via other faults. These four fault structures are the major faults in California at the latitude of San Francisco. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hayward Fault Zone"
The Highland Boundary Fault traverses Scotland from Arran to Stonehaven. It separates two distinctly different physiographic regions: the Highlands from the Midland Valley, but in most places it is only recognisable as a change in topography. ...more on Wikipedia about "Highland Boundary Fault"
The Moine Thrust is not a single thrust but a formation called a thrust belt. These are created when a plate forces layers of crust up, and back down again. The discovery of the Moine Thrust in 1907 was a milestone in the history of geology as it was the first thrust belt discovered. It formed between 410 and 430 million years ago as Scotland was compressed by tectonic movement. Thrust belts are now recognized as features at the edges of mountain ranges across the world. ...more on Wikipedia about "Moine Thrust Belt"
The New Madrid Seismic Zone, also known as the Reelfoot Rift or the New Madrid Fault Line, is a major seismic zone located in the Midwestern United States. The New Madrid fault system was responsible for the 1812 New Madrid Earthquake and has the potential to produce damaging earthquakes in coming decades. ...more on Wikipedia about "New Madrid Seismic Zone"
The North Anatolian Fault ( Turkish: Kuzey Anadolu Fayı) is one of the most energetic earthquake zones in the world. Turkey is set on a minor tectonic plate which is being squeezed westwards as the Arabian and the Eurasian plates move together. The North Anatolian Plate is grinding past the two plates at a rate between 1cm and 20cm a year. ...more on Wikipedia about "North Anatolian Fault"
The Rhine Rift is a striking reminder of the tectonic plates that created Europe. Rift valleys are usually formed when two plates pull apart, thus causing land to collapse into the gap. However, the Rhine Rift is believed to have formed a different way. It is believed that the plates knitted together over 40 million years ago and this caused a long strip of rock to drop between the two continental massifs, the Vosges in France and the German Black Forest. It was initially thought that the rift was inactive. However, scientists have detected signs of movement underneath the surface. Faults within stable continental interiors rarely rupture, however if they do, the earthquake could be sudden and extremely violent. Northwest Europe's worst earthquake was occurred in 1356 in the Upper Rhine Valley, destroying the Swiss city of Basle and destroying buildings as far as 200km away. Some geoligists believe the earthquake was not caused by the Rhine Rift but by a fault in the Alps. However, Basle may become seriously affected by a huge earthquake released by the Rhine Rift, because an active fault has not been discovered southwest of the city. In 1992, an earthquake along the Peel Fault which is further down the Rhine, rocked the town of Roermond in the Netherlands. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rhine rift"
San Andreas Fault is a geological fault that spans a length of roughly 800 miles (1287 kilometers) through California, United States. The fault, a right-lateral strike-slip fault, marks a transform boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. It is well-known for the large and destructive earthquakes that have occurred along it. ...more on Wikipedia about "San Andreas Fault"
The Seattle Fault is a geologic fault in the North American Plate that runs from the Issaquah Alps to Hood Canal in Washington. It passes through Seattle, Washington just south of Downtown and is believed to be capable of generating an earthquake of at least 7.0 on the Richter scale. The Seattle Fault therefore has the potential to cause extensive damage to the city, as much of Pioneer Square and the Industrial District is built on fill, as is the downtown waterfront, which is supported by the Alaskan Way Seawall. ...more on Wikipedia about "Seattle Fault"
Þingvellir ( Icelandic " Þing": parliament, "vellir": plains) is a place in the southwest of Iceland near the peninsula of Reykjanes and the Hengill volcanic area. ...more on Wikipedia about "Þingvellir"
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