Film techniques Film techniques The 180 degree rule is a basic film editing guideline that states that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene, should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. ...more on Wikipedia about "180 degree rule"
The 30 degree rule is a basic film editing guideline that states the camera must make at least 30 degree movements around the axis of movement while still respecting the 180 degree rule. These 30 degrees of movement avoids the creation of a "jump cut", which is basically cutting at the same angle, making the subject appear to "jump" in the frame. Moving the camera at least 30 degrees between shots seems to soften the effect of changing distance such as changing from a medium shot to a close-up. ...more on Wikipedia about "30 degree rule"
Acousmatic music is a music of images that is "shot and developed in the studio, and projected in a hall, like a film", at a subsequent date. The term was first introduced by François Bayle in 1974. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acousmatic"
Aerial shots are usually done with a crane or with a camera attached to a special helicopter to view large landscapes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aerial shot"
"American shot" is a translation of a phrase from French film criticism, "plan Americain" and refers to a medium-long ("knee") film shot of a group of characters, who are arranged so that all are visible to the camera. The usual arrangement is for the actors to stand in an irregular line from one side of the screen to the other, with the actors at the end coming forward a little and standing more in profile than the others. The purpose of the composition is to allow complex dialogue scenes to be played out without changes in camera position. In some literature, this is simply referred to as a 3/4 shot. ...more on Wikipedia about "American shot"
Background lighting is a film technique that allows the viewers to take into account the background actions which are linked to the character's actions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Background lighting"
In film, a Bird's eye shot refers to a shot looking directly down on the subject. The perspective is very foreshortened, making the subject appear short and squat. This shot can be used to give an overall establishing shot of a scene, or to emphasise the smallness or insignificance of the subjects. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bird's eye shot"
Bleach bypass is a optical effect used in such films as Seven, Kansas City and The Crow and most notably Three Kings. The procedure of bleach bypass entails either the partial or complete skipping of the bleaching function during the processing of a film. By doing this, the silver is retained in the image along with the color dyes. The result is a black and white image over a color image. The images usually would have reduced saturation, an increased contrast, and an overall pastel look. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bleach bypass"
In film, a close-up is a shot that is closely zoomed in on a person or object. The most common close-ups are ones of actors' faces. ...more on Wikipedia about "Close-up"
In motion picture terminology, a crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a crane. The most obvious uses are to view the actors from above or to move up and away from them, a common way of ending a movie. But some filmmakers like to have the camera on a boom arm just to make it easier to move around between ordinary set-ups. Most cranes accommodate both the camera and an operator, but some can be operated by remote control--there are some spectacular shots using remote cranes in the car-chase sequence of To Live and Die in L.A.. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crane shot"
Creative geography is a filmmaking technique invented by the early Russian filmmaker Lev Kuleshov sometime around the 1920s. It is a subset of montage, in which multiple segments shot at various locations and/or times are edited together such that they appear to all occur in a continuous place at a continuous time. Creative geography is used constantly in film and television, for instance when a character walks through the front door of a house shown from the outside, to emerge into a soundstage of the house's interior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Creative geography"
Cross-cutting (also known as "parallel editing") refers to a technique of film editing in which consecutive shots alternate between two or more actions. It can be found even in early films, such as The Great Train Robbery, and is widely employed in present day films. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cross-cutting"
In film, a cutaway is the interruption of a continuously-filmed action by inserting a view of something else. It is usually followed by a cutback to the first shot. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cutaway (film)"
Cutting on Action refers to cutting from one shot to another view that "matches" it in action and gives the impression of a continuous time span. By having an actor begin an action in one shot and carry it through to completion in the next, the director creates a visual bridge which distracts from noticing the cut. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cutting on Action"
In film editing, a dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another. In film this effect is created by controlled double exposure from frame to frame; transiting from the end of one clip to the beginning of another. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dissolve (film)"
In film the establishing shot is a short referential section at the beginning of a scene indicating where the remainder of the scene takes place. For example, an exterior shot on location of a large building on a rainy night, followed by an interior shot of a couple talking, implies that the conversation is taking place inside that building. Of course the conversation may in fact have been filmed on a studio set because of budget, permitting, time limitations, etc. Directors will frequently use subtle cues to reinforce the illusion--in this case, the sound of rain plus the occasional sight of it through a window in the background. ...more on Wikipedia about "Establishing shot"
In film, television, or literature, a false protagonist is a technique for making a scene more jarring or a character more notable. It involves presenting a character at the start of the film as the main character, but then disposing of this character, usually killing them. ...more on Wikipedia about "False protagonist"
Fast cutting is a film editing technique which refers to several consecutive shots of a brief duration (e.g. 3 seconds). It can be used to convey a lot of information very quickly, or to imply either energy or chaos. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fast cutting"
Film editing, also called montage, is the connecting of one or more shots together in a sequence. ...more on Wikipedia about "Film editing"
A film editor is a person who practices film editing by assembling separate takes into a coherent film. This is not a simple matter of tacking the scene of the man walking up to the front door to the scene of the man inside the house. In making a film the editors play a dynamic and creative role. ...more on Wikipedia about "Film editor"
A treatment or more properly film treatment is a short piece of prose intended to be turned into a screenplay for a motion picture. It is generally shorter and less detailed than either an outline or a step outline but it may include details of directorial style that an outline omits. ...more on Wikipedia about "Film treatment" http://www.shortopedia.com moments.
Go motion is a variation of stop motion animation, and was co-developed by Industrial Light & Magic and Phil Tippett for the film Dragonslayer. ...more on Wikipedia about "Go motion"
Hairy arm is an underhanded technique for finishing films or videos quickly. Most editing sessions are expensive and require a long approval process before the film is considered complete. Often the people who have final say over the aesthetic content of a film or video are not present during the actual editing process; to get approval quickly, an editor may throw in an intentionally awful or incorrect shot, simply to distract the attention of the "approver" away from harder to define deficiencies in the final film or video. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hairy arm"
In the terminology of movie-making, a hardcore insert is an insert, depicting vaginal or anal penetration in a film. The technique was much in use in the 1970s, when adult films were feature films that required women with acting abilities, at least for the lead roles. Many actresses found it unacceptable to perform actual sex (or at least anal sex), so the inserts were shot with anonymous women, preferably with similar bodily features. There was hardly a need for inserts in scenes of fellatio and cunnilingus performed by actresses, because depiction of oral-genital contact was then considered "semi-softcore". The practice also led to strange patterns. For example, some people believe that one Swedish actress, Marie Forså, used to have actual sex, but then the penetration scenes would be removed from the cut and replaced with inserts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hardcore insert"
In film, a high angle shot is usually when the camera is located high (often above head height)and the shot is angled downwards (in contrast to a bird's eye shot). This shot is used sometimes in scenes of confrontation and fights to show which person has the higher power. The subject of a high angle shot looks vulnerable or insignificant; if the shot represents a character's point of view the shot can also be used to make the character tall, more powerful or threatening. ...more on Wikipedia about "High-angle shot"
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