Flame retardants

Brominated flame-retardants are produced synthetically in ca 70 variants with very varying chemical properties. There are several groups: ...more on Wikipedia about "Brominated flame-retardant"

Chlorendic acid, or 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a white crystalline material with chemical formula 9 4 6 4. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chlorendic acid"

Dimethyl methylphosphonate, or methylphosphonic acid dimethyl ester (DMMP), is a colorless liquid with chemical formula 3 9 3 or CH3PO(OCH3)2. Its melting point is -50 °C and its boiling point is 181 °C. It is combustible. In contact with water it slowly undergoes hydrolysis. May soften some plastics and rubbers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dimethyl methylphosphonate"

1,2-Dibromoethane is a manufactured chemical. It also occurs naturally in small amounts in the ocean where it is formed, probably by algae and kelp. It is a colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor. Other names for 1,2-dibromoethane are ethylene dibromide, ethylene bromide, EDB, and glycol bromide. It is manufactured by the reaction of ethylene with bromine. Trade names include Bromofume and Dowfume. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethylene dibromide"

(Fire retardant) == What It Is == ...more on Wikipedia about "Fire retardant"

Flame retardants are materials that inhibit or resist the spread of fire. Naturally occurring substances such as asbestos as well as synthetic materials (usually halocarbons such as PBDEs, PCBs and chlorendic acid derivates, most often dibutyl chlorendate and dimethyl chlorendate) have been used in this capacity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flame retardant"

PBDE, or polybrominated diphenyl ether is a flame-retardant of the brominated flame-retardant group rated as a Persistent Organic Pollutant. It has been used in a wide array of household products, including fabrics, furniture, and electronics. There are three main types, referred to as penta, octa and deca for the number of bromine atoms in the molecule. Of the three, deca is most commonly used and is considered the "safest" of the three. After studies in Sweden found the chemicals accumulating in breast milk and other tissues, Sweden banned the chemicals. The European Union is in the process of banning PBDEs with a full ban to be in place by 2006. Surprisingly, an experiment done the at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts in 2005 showed that the isotopic signature of PBDEs found in whale blubber contained carbon-14, the naturally occurring radioactive isotope of carbon. If the PBDEs in the whale had come from artificial (human-made) sources, they would have only contained carbon-12 and no carbon-14 due to the fact that virtually all PBDEs which are produced artificially use petroleum as the source of carbon, all carbon-14 would have long since completely decayed from that source. The experiment thus shows that there must be some as yet unidentified natural source of PBDEs. ...more on Wikipedia about "PBDE"

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), also called brominated biphenyls or polybromobiphenyls, are a group of manufactured chemicals. While once widely used commercially, PBBs are now controlled substances under the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. ...more on Wikipedia about "Polybrominated biphenyls"

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to bi phenyl and a general structure of C12H10-xClx. Most PCB congeners are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a "sticky resin"). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade easily. However, under certain conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high ...more on Wikipedia about "Polychlorinated biphenyl"

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