Forced migration Forced migration The African slavery trade dates back thousands of years and reportedly continues today in some isolated parts of Africa. ...more on Wikipedia about "African slave trade"
The Atlantic slave trade was the capture and transport of black Africans into bondage and servitude in the New World. It is sometimes called the Maafa by African Americans. This term means holocaust or great disaster in kiswahili. The slaves were one element of a three-part economic cycle—the Triangular Trade and its infamous Middle Passage—which ultimately involved four continents, four centuries and the lives and fortunes of millions of people. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atlantic slave trade"
Bar Kokhba’s revolt ( 132- 135 CE) against the Roman Empire, also known as The Second Jewish-Roman War or The Second Jewish Revolt, was a second major rebellion by the Jews of Iudaea. Alternatively, some sources call it The Third Revolt, counting also the riots of 115- 117, the Kitos War, suppressed by the general Quintus Lucius Quietus who governed the province at the time. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bar Kokhba's revolt"
Central Labour Camp Jaworzno ( ) was a concentration camp in Poland operating since 1943 until 1956. ...more on Wikipedia about "Central Labour Camp Jaworzno"
A convict, after conviction, generally becomes some sort of prisoner. Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences do not usually bear the disparagement of the label "convict." ...more on Wikipedia about "Convict"
The Danube Swabians ( German: Donauschwaben, Hungarian: Dunai-Sváb or Dunamenti németek) is a collective term for Germans who lived in the former Kingdom of Hungary, especially in the Danube (Donau) River valley. Because of differential development within the territory settled, the Danube Swabians cannot be seen as a unified people. They include the Germans of Hungary (Ungarndeutsche), Satu Mare Swabians, the Banat Swabians (Banater Schwaben), and the Germans of Yugoslavia (Jugoslawiendeutsche). The Carpathian Germans and Transylvanian Saxons are not included within the Danube Swabian group. ...more on Wikipedia about "Danube Swabians"
A displaced person (sometimes abbreviated DP) is the general term for someone who has been forced to leave his or her native place, a phenomenon known as forced migration. ...more on Wikipedia about "Displaced person"
Eastern Workers or Ostarbeiter was the official term introduced in Nazi Germany to denote people "of non- German national origin who inhabited the Reich Commissariat for the Ukraine, the General Commissariat for White Russia, or territories bordering on these territories to the east or on the former free states of Lithuania and Estonia, and who were brought into the German Reich, including the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and employed there after the occupation by the German armed forces." Their status was defined by a law issued by the Ministerial Council for Defense of the Reich in June, 1942. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eastern Workers (Nazi Germany)"
The term ethnic cleansing refers to various policies of forcibly removing people of one ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethnic cleansing"
The Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations was a document signed at Lausanne, Switzerland, January 30, 1923, between the governments and Greece and Turkey. ...more on Wikipedia about "Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations"
The expulsion of Germans after World War II was the mass deportation of people considered Germans (both Reichsdeutsche and Volksdeutsche) from Soviet-occupied areas outside the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, and is a major part of the German exodus from Eastern Europe after World War II. The process, which aimed to ethnically homogenize nation states, began before the Potsdam Conference, which would call for it to be conducted in an "orderly and humane manner". Due to the postwar atmosphere of chaos, famine, disease and killing casualties were high. The estimated number varies by source, from circa 500,000 to over 2 million. The German deportation and migration affected up to 16.5 million Germans and was the largest of several similar post-World War II migrations orchestrated by the victorious Western Allies and the Soviet Union, which included the resettlements and expulsions of millions of Poles, Ukrainians and Jews. ...more on Wikipedia about "Expulsion of Germans after World War II"
The "Extermination Order" is known in Latter Day Saint history as the executive order issued on October 27, 1838 by Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs to have Mormons driven from the state in response to what he termed "open and avowed defiance of the laws, and of having made war upon the people of this State ... the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace—their outrages are beyond all description." ...more on Wikipedia about "Extermination Order (Mormonism)"
Forced labor of German civilians in the Soviet Union was considered by the Soviet Union to be part of German war reparations for the damage inflicted by Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union during World War II. Poland was the only other country to claim this form of reparation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union"
Forced migration refers to the coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region. It often connotes violent coercion, and is used interchangeably with the terms "displacement" or forced displacement. A specific form of forced migration is population transfer, which is a coherent policy to move unwanted persons, perhaps as an attempt at ethnic cleansing. Someone who has experienced forced migration is a "forced migrant" or " displaced person". ...more on Wikipedia about "Forced migration"
The German exodus from Eastern Europe refers to the exodus of the German populations to the east of Germany's and Austria's post- World War II borders. Several stages may be distinguished in this process. ...more on Wikipedia about "German exodus from Eastern Europe"
The Highland Clearances were part of a process of agricultural change throughout the United Kingdom, but the late timing, the abruptness of the change from the Clan System in the Scottish Highlands and the brutality of many of the evictions gave the Highland Clearances particular notoriety. The Inclosures that depopulated rural England in the British Agricultural Revolution started much earlier, and similar developments in Scotland have lately been called the Lowland Clearances, but in the Highlands the impact on a Goidelic ( Scottish Gaelic) speaking semi- feudal culture that still expected obligations from a Chieftain to his Clan led to vocal campaigning and a lingering bitterness among the descendants of the large numbers forced to emigrate, or to remain and subsist in crofting townships on very small areas of often marginal land. Crofters became a source of virtually free labour to their landlords, forced to work long hours, for example, in the harvesting and processing of kelp. ...more on Wikipedia about "Highland Clearances"
Indian Removal was a nineteenth century policy of the government of the United States that sought to relocate American Indian (or "Native American") tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river. In the decades following the American Revolution, the desire for more land by the rapidly increasing population of the United States resulted in numerous treaties in which lands were purchased from Native Americans. Eventually, the U.S. government began encouraging Indian tribes to sell their land by offering them land in the West, outside the boundaries of the then-existing U.S. states, where the tribes could resettle. This process was accelerated with the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which provided funds for President Andrew Jackson to conduct land-exchange ("removal") treaties. An estimated 100,000 American Indians eventually relocated in the West as a result of this policy, most of them emigrating during the 1830s, settling in what was known as the " Indian territory." ...more on Wikipedia about "Indian Removal"
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was a law passed by the Twenty-first United States Congress in order to facilitate the relocation of American Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River in the United States to lands further west. The Removal Act, part of a U.S. government policy known as Indian Removal, was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. ...more on Wikipedia about "Indian Removal Act"
An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who has been forced to leave their home for reasons such as natural or man-made disasters, including religious or political persecution or war, but has not crossed an international border. The term is a subset of the more general displaced person. There is no legal definition of IDP, as there is for refugee ** , but the thumbnail rule is that if the person in question would be eligible for refugee status if he or she crossed an international border then the IDP label is applicable. IDPs are not technically refugees because they have not crossed an international border, but are sometimes casually referred to as refugees. ...more on Wikipedia about "Internally displaced person"
Israel's unilateral disengagement plan ( Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות or תכנית ההתנתקות (officially: " Disengagement Plan Implementation Law") or תוכנית ההינתקות, also known as the "disengagement plan," "Gaza Pull-Out plan," and "Gaza Expulsion plan") was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to remove all permanent Israeli presence in the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the Northern West Bank. ...more on Wikipedia about "Israel's unilateral disengagement plan"
The Jewish exodus from Arab lands refers to the 20th century emigration of Jews, primarily of Sephardi and Mizrahi background, from majority Arab lands. Typically, this emigration followed documented discrimination, harrassment, persecution, and financial confiscation on the part of the majority population and / or government agencies. Aprroximately two-thirds of effected Jews emigrated to the modern State of Israel; other common refuge destinations included the United States, Canada and France. Disruption overall was significant: the ancestors of many Jews had resided within Arab lands for centuries before the advent and spread of Islam in the seventh century CE. The ancestors of others had immigrated in later centuries. Previously sporadic, Jewish emigration from Arab lands accelerated following the establishment of Israel in 1948. The process continued as further Arab-Israeli wars were fought, sustained by anti-Jewish sentiment within the various states, and as Arab nations under French, British and Italian colonial rule or protection gained independence. The "exodus" (or so it came commonly to be called by those involved) was virtually complete within a few years after the Six Day War. Many have regarded the Jewish exodus from Arab lands as historically paralleling the Palestinian Arab emigration from the previous British Mandate of Palestine, a point of enduring controversy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Jewish exodus from Arab lands" The text you are reading is from www.shortopedia.com
The Long Walk of the Navajo, also called the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo, was an Indian removal effort of the United States government in 1863 and 1864. ...more on Wikipedia about "Long Walk of the Navajo"
The Lowland Clearances in Scotland were one of the results of the Agricultural Revolution, which changed the traditional system of agriculture which had existed in Lowland Scotland for hundreds of years. Hundreds of thousands of cottars and tenant farmers from the southern counties of Scotland were forcibly moved from the farms and small holdings they had occupied. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lowland Clearances"
The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter Day Saints ( Mormons) and their neighbors in northwestern Missouri. This conflict is also sometimes referred to as the Missouri Mormon War to differentiate it from the Utah Mormon War (also known as the " Utah War") and the less well known Illinois Mormon War. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mormon War"
Nauvoo (נָאווּ "to be beautiful", Sephardi Hebrew Nåvu, Tiberian Hebrew Nâwû) is a city located in Hancock County, Illinois. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,063. The city was founded by Joseph Smith, Jr., also the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and named by him from the Sephardi Hebrew language with an anglicized spelling. The word comes from Isaiah 52:7, "How beautiful upon the mountains..." ...more on Wikipedia about "Nauvoo, Illinois"
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