Formal languages Formal languages In computer science, an abstract semantic graph (ASG) is a data structure used in representing or deriving the semantics of an expression in a formal language (for example, a programming language). ...more on Wikipedia about "Abstract semantic graph"
In computer science, an abstract syntax tree (AST) is a finite, labeled, directed tree, where the ...more on Wikipedia about "Abstract syntax tree"
In computing, an agent communication language (ACL) is a formal language used by software agents to communicate. ...more on Wikipedia about "Agent communication language"
In computer science, a grammar is said to be an ambiguous grammar if there is some string that it can generate in more than one way (i.e., the string has more than one parse tree or more than one leftmost derivation). A language is inherently ambiguous if it can only be generated by ambiguous grammars. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ambiguous grammar"
When constructing a language translation tool, such as a compiler, an attribute grammar is the formal expression of the syntax-derived semantic checks associated with a grammar. It represents the rules of a language not explicitly imparted by the syntax. ...more on Wikipedia about "Attribute grammar"
The Augmented Backus-Naur form (ABNF) extends the Backus-Naur form. ...more on Wikipedia about "Augmented Backus-Naur form"
In theoretical computer science, the Bach language is the formal language over an alphabet of three distinct symbols containing all strings in which the three symbols occur equally often. The Bach language is a context-sensitive language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bach language"
The Backus-Naur form (BNF) (also known as Backus normal form) is a metasyntax used to express context-free grammars: that is, a formal way to describe formal languages. BNF is widely used as a notation for the grammars of computer programming languages, command sets and communication protocols. They can also be used as a notation for representing parts of natural language grammars. For example see the grammar for meter in Venpa poetry. Most textbooks for programming language theory and/or semantics document the programming language in BNF. Some variants, for example ABNF, have their own documentation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Backus-Naur form"
Bigrams are groups of two written letters, two syllables, or two words, and are very commonly used as the basis for simple statistical analysis of text; one of the most successful language models for speech recognition (Collins, 1996). They are a type of N-gram. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bigram"
The Chomsky hierarchy is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars that generate formal languages. This hierarchy of these grammars which are also called phrase structure grammars was described by Noam Chomsky in 1956 (see
In computer science, a formal grammar is in Chomsky normal form iff all production rules are of the form: ...more on Wikipedia about "Chomsky normal form"
In formal language theory (and therefore in programming languages), concatenation is the operation of joining two character strings end to end. For example, the strings "foo" and "bar" may be concatenated to give "foobar". In programming languages, string concatenation is usually accomplished by putting a concatenation operator between two strings ( operands). The following statement assumes the language ...more on Wikipedia about "Concatenation"
In linguistics and computer science, a context-free grammar (CFG) is a formal grammar in which every production rule is of the form ...more on Wikipedia about "Context-free grammar"
A context-free language is a formal language that is accepted by some pushdown automaton. Context-free languages can be generated by context-free grammars. ...more on Wikipedia about "Context-free language"
A context-sensitive grammar is a formal grammar G = (N, Σ, P, S) such that all rules in P are of the form ...more on Wikipedia about "Context-sensitive grammar"
A context-sensitive language is a formal language that can be defined by a context-sensitive grammar. That is one of the four types of grammars in the Chomsky hierarchy. Of the four, this is the least often used, in both theory and practice. ...more on Wikipedia about "Context-sensitive language"
In computer science, specifically formal languages, a convolution is defined as follows: ...more on Wikipedia about "Convolution (computer science)"
In the theory of formal languages of computer science, mathematics, and linguistics, the Dyck language (Dyck being pronounced "deek") is the language consisting of those balanced strings of parentheses [ and ]. It is important in the parsing of expressions that must have a correctly nested sequence of parentheses, such as arithmetic or algebraic expressions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dyck language"
(Erasing Rules) == Formal Definition == ...more on Wikipedia about "Erasing Rules"
Extended Affix Grammar (EAG) is a formalism developed by Marc Seutter for describing both the context free syntax and the context sensitive syntax of programming languages. ...more on Wikipedia about "Extended Affix Grammar"
The Extended Backus-Naur form (EBNF) is any variation on the basic Backus-Naur form (BNF) metasyntax notation with (some of) the following additional constructs: ...more on Wikipedia about "Extended Backus-Naur form"
A finite language is a formal language containing a finite number of strings. The finite languages are the simplest languages. ...more on Wikipedia about "Finite language"
A class of languages has finite thickness if for every string s, there are only finite consistent languages in the class. This condition was introduced by Dana Angluin in connection with learning, as a sufficient condition for learnability. ...more on Wikipedia about "Finite thickness"
In computer science a formal grammar is an abstract structure that describes a formal language precisely, i.e., a set of rules that mathematically delineates a (usually infinite) set of finite-length strings over a (usually finite) alphabet. Formal grammars are so named by analogy to grammar in human languages. ...more on Wikipedia about "Formal grammar"
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language is a set of finite-length words (i.e. character strings) drawn from some finite alphabet, and the scientific theory that deals with these entities is known as formal language theory. Note that we can talk about formal language in many contexts (scientific, legal, linguistic and so on), meaning a mode of expression more careful and accurate, or more mannered than everyday speech. The sense of formal language dealt with in this article is the precise sense studied in formal language theory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Formal language"
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