Freedom of expression Freedom of expression ARTICLE 19 is a human rights organisation with a specific mandate and focus on the defence and promotion of freedom of expression and freedom of information legislation worldwide. ...more on Wikipedia about "ARTICLE 19"
"Banned in Boston" was a phrase employed from the late 19th century through Prohibition to describe a literary work, motion picture, or play prohibited from distribution or exhibition in Boston, Massachusetts. During this period, Boston officials had wide authority to ban works featuring "objectionable" content, and often banned works with sexual or foul language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Banned in Boston"
Canadian Journalists for Free Expression (CJFE) is a Canadian non-governmental organization supported by Canadian journalists and advocates of free expression. The purpose of the organization is to defend the rights of journalists and contribute to the development of press freedom throughout the world. CJFE recognizes that these rights are not confined to journalists and strongly supports and defends the broader objective of freedom of expression in Canada and around the world. ...more on Wikipedia about "Canadian Journalists for Free Expression"
Censorship is the control of speech and other forms of human expression, often by government intervention. It is most commonly applied to acts which occur in public circumstances, and most formally involves suppression of ideas (by criminalizing or regulating expression). Discussion of censorship often further considers less formal means of controlling perceptions by excluding various ideas from mass communication. What is censored may range from specific words to entire concepts. The ostensible motive of censorship is to stabilize or improve the society over which the government has control. ...more on Wikipedia about "Censorship"
Censorship by organized religion is a form of censorship where freedom of expression is controlled or limited using religious authority or on the basis of the teachings of the organized religion. This form of censorship has a long history and is practised in many societies and by many religions. Examples include the censorship of the Heliocentric theory proposed by Galileo by the Vatican and of Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses by the Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. ...more on Wikipedia about "Censorship by organized religion"
Censorship in South Asia can apply to books, movies the Internet and other media. Censorship occurs on religious, moral and political grounds, which is controversial in itself as the latter especially is seen as contrary to the tenets of democracy, in terms of freedom of speech and the right to freely criticise the government. ...more on Wikipedia about "Censorship in South Asia"
However, there has always been Censorship in the United States. ...more on Wikipedia about "Censorship in the United States"
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*Creation of national and local archives (schedatura) in which each citizen was filed and classified depending on his ideas, his habits, his relationship and his eventual shameful acts or situations; in this sense, censorship was used as an instrument for the creation of a state of police. ...more on Wikipedia about "Censorship under fascist regimes"
A chilling effect is a situation where speech or conduct is suppressed or limited by fear of penalization at the hands of an individual or group. For example, the threat of a costly and lengthy lawsuit might prompt self-censorship and have a chilling effect on free speech. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chilling effect"
Clear and present danger is a term used in the case Schenck v. United States, , a U.S. Supreme Court opinion concerning speech against the draft during World War I (bold emphasis added): ...more on Wikipedia about "Clear and present danger"
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an independent, nonprofit organization based in New York, United States (US), that is dedicated to promoting press freedom worldwide and defending the right of journalists to report the news without fear of reprisal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Committee to Protect Journalists"
A death threat is a threat (often made anonymously) against a person, threatening to kill him or her. Death threats are often intended to intimidate victims, or to induce a change in their behaviour (such as dissuading them from pursuing a criminal investigation or an advocacy campaign). In many jurisdictions, making a death threat, even one that was not intended seriously, can be considered a crime. ...more on Wikipedia about "Death threat"
FedEx furniture is the artistic creation of computer programmer Jose Avila, III. In June, 2005, Avila created a website, Fedexfurniture.com , to display photographs of a couch, bed, dining room table, and desk that he had constructed out of cartons obtained from overnight shipping giant FedEx Corporation (FedEx). FedEx attorneys used the takedown provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to force Avila's ISP to take the site offline, accusing Avila of infringing on FedEx's copyrights and trademarks, breaching his contract with FedEx by using the cartons for purposes other than shipping, and potentially misleading consumers into believing that FedEx approved or endorsed Avila's actions. Among attorneys and activist organizations concerned with the exercise of First amendment rights on the Internet, FedEx's actions raised questions about the constitutionality of using the DMCA to censor unwanted speech. At this writing (January, 2006), Fedexfurniture.com is offline. ...more on Wikipedia about "FedEx furniture"
In its 1942 decision, Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, the Supreme Court of the United States articulated the fighting words doctrine, a limitation of the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fighting words" You've Got Questions. We've Got shortopedia.
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights. Textually, it prevents the U.S. Congress from infringing on six rights. It forbids laws that: ...more on Wikipedia about "First Amendment to the United States Constitution"
The Fishman Affidavit is a set of court documents submitted by ex-Scientologist Steven Fishman in 1994 containing criticisms of the Church of Scientology and, controversially, substantial portions of the Operating Thetan course materials. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fishman Affidavit"
Free speech zones (also known as First Amendment Zones or derisively as Free speech cages) are areas set aside in public places for political activists to exercise their right of free speech. Although such zones existed earlier, instituted by the Clinton administration, they gained more attention after the WTO Meeting of 1999 and have been used vigorously by the George W. Bush administration. Civil libertarians claim that they are used as a form of censorship and public relations management to conceal opposition from the public and elected officials. There is much controversy surrounding the creation of these areas — the mere existence of such zones is offensive to some people, who maintain that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution makes the entire country an unrestricted free speech zone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Free speech zone"
Freedom of Expression® is the registered trademark of Kembrew McLeod, an American journalist, artist, and activist, for his anti-corporate newsletter of the same name. It is also the name of a 2005 book by McLeod. ...more on Wikipedia about "Freedom of Expression®"
Freedom of religion and belief is a guarantee by a government for freedom of belief for individuals and freedom of worship for individuals and groups. It is considered by many to be a fundamental human right. Currently it is a controversial topic in current American issues, due to recent events such as religous display on government owned land. Also, many believe Intelligent Design infringes upon religous freedom. ...more on Wikipedia about "Freedom of religion"
Freedom of speech is often regarded as an integral concept in modern liberal democracies, where it is understood to outlaw censorship. Free speech is also supported by international human rights proclamations, notably under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, although implementation remains lacking in many countries. This article is about the general concept. For information about freedom of speech in different countries see Freedom of Speech (International). ...more on Wikipedia about "Freedom of speech"
In democratic countries, freedom of speech is taken for granted, though the exact degree of freedom varies between countries and jurisdictions. This freedom generally includes: ...more on Wikipedia about "Freedom of speech (international)"
Freedom of the press (or press freedom) is the guarantee by a government of free public speech for its citizens and their associations, extended to members of news gathering organizations, and their published reporting. It also extends to news gathering, and processes involved in obtaining information for public distribution. In the U.S. this right is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. ...more on Wikipedia about "Freedom of the press"
A gag order is an order, sometimes a legal order by a court or government, other times a private order by an employer or other institution, restricting information or comment from being made public. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gag order"
Imminent lawless action is a term used in the United States Supreme Court case Brandenburg v. Ohio ( 1969) to define the limits of constitutionally protected speech. The decision overturned the decision of the earlier Schenck v. United States ( 1919), which had established " clear and present danger" as the constitutional limit for speech. Under the imminent lawless action test, speech is not protected by the First Amendment if it is likely to cause violation of the law more quickly than an officer of the law can be reasonably summoned. ...more on Wikipedia about "Imminent lawless action"
The International Freedom of Expression eXchange (IFEX), founded in 1992, is a global network of more than 60 non-governmental organisations that promotes and defends the right to freedom of expression. ...more on Wikipedia about "International Freedom of Expression Exchange"
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