Geochemistry

The field of biogeochemistry involves scientific study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, and the lithosphere), and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earth's chemical components in time and space. Biogeochemistry is a systems science. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biogeochemistry"

In oceanic biogeochemistry, the biological pump is the sum of a suite of biologically-mediated processes that transport carbon from the surface euphotic zone to the ocean's interior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biological pump"

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the Earth. (Other bodies may have carbon cycles, but little is known about them.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon cycle"

Carbon-13 is a stable isotope of carbon. It makes up about 1.109% of all naturally-occurring carbon on Earth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon-13"

In oceanic biogeochemistry, the continental shelf pump is proposed to operate in the shallow waters of the continental shelves, acting as a mechanism to transport carbon (as either dissolved or particulate material) from surface waters to the interior of the adjacent deep ocean. ...more on Wikipedia about "Continental shelf pump"

Cosmogenic isotopes are rare radioactive isotopes created when cosmic radiation interacts with an atomic nucleus. These isotopes are produced on Earth, in Earth's atmosphere, and in extraterrestrial items such as meteorites. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmogenic isotope"

A eutectic or eutectic mixture is a mixture of two or more elements which has a lower melting point than any of its constituents. The proper ratios of components to obtain a eutectic alloy is identified by the eutectic point on a phase diagram. The term comes from the Greek 'eutektos', meaning 'easily melted.' ...more on Wikipedia about "Eutectic"

Eutectoid transformation occurs when a solid solution decomposes into a fixed two solid constituents at a fixed temperature. When a liquid decomposes in the same way, an analogous eutectic transformation occurs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eutectoid"

Fluid inclusions are microscopic bubbles of liquid and gas that are trapped within crystals. As minerals often form from a liquid or aqueous medium, tiny blebs of that liquid can become trapped within the crystal structure or in healed fractures wirhin a crystal. These small inclusions range in size from 0.1 to 1 mm and are usually only visible in detail by microscopic study. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fluid inclusions"

The field of geochemistry involves study of the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, chemical processes and reactions that govern the composition of rocks and soils, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earth's chemical components in time and space, and their interaction with the hydrosphere and the atmosphere. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geochemistry"

Hydridic Earth theory is a hypothesis proposed in 1968 by a Soviet geologist Vladimir Larin. The theory contradicts the generally acepted views on Earth composition and structure. The theory makes certain prediction that can be falsified or proven through experiments. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hydridic Earth theory"

Incongruent melting occurs when a substance does not melt uniformly and decomposes into another substance. For example, potassium feldspar (KAlSi_{3_{O_{8_{) decomposes to leucite (KAlSi_{2_{O_{6_{) when it melts. The decomposition is not complete, however. Most of the feldspar does melt, a portion of it decomposes to leucite and some quartz (SiO_{2_{) is left over, since the chemical formulas of potassium feldspar and leucite differ by SiO_{2_{. Another mineral that melts incongruently is enstatite (MgSiO_{3_{), which decomposes to forsterite (Mg_{2_{SiO_{4_{). Enstatite does melt congruently between pressures of 2.5 and 5.5 kilobars. ...more on Wikipedia about "Incongruent melting"}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}

Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon study of the relative and absolute concentrations of the elements and their isotopes in the Earth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Isotope geochemistry"

Some criteria for editing this page have been debated and are displayed on the talk page. Please consult them before editing. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in chemistry"

===Principles of Geology=== ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in geology"

The lysocline is a term used in geology, geochemistry and marine biology to denote the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lysocline"

Obsidian hydration dating is a geochemical method of determining age in either absolute or relative terms of an artifact made of obsidian. ...more on Wikipedia about "Obsidian hydration dating"

Ocean acidification is the name given to the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by their uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ocean acidification"

Organic geochemistry is the study of the impacts and processes that organisms, and once-living organisms have on the earth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Organic geochemistry"

The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for the modern Earth's atmosphere and life as we know it. If all photosynthesis were to cease, the Earth's atmosphere would be devoid all but trace amounts of oxygen within 5000 years. The oxygen cycle would no longer exist. ...more on Wikipedia about "Oxygen cycle"

Petroleum Geochemistry is generally the study of naturally occurring hydrocarbons (liquid and vapour petroleum) as well as the source rocks from which they are generated. Source rock studies generally determine the amount of oil or gas a rock can potentially generate as well as assessing the maturity of a particular sample. Initial oil and gas studies identify the source type ( petroleum source), maturity ( petroleum maturation) and alteration of observed hydrocarbons. Such determinations are typically achieved by the combined interpretation of a variety of data sets including carbon isotope, biomarker and alkane & aromatic composition information. Such data can then be used to aid interpretation of the regional or field wide petroleum history, including petroleum migration routes as well as timing of petroleum emplacement and any alteration mechanisms. Lastly, detailed geochemical assessment can aid the identification in reservoir compartments which can significantly hindered the exploitation of petroleum discoveries. ...more on Wikipedia about "Petroleum geochemistry" You are visiting www.shortopedia.com Geochemistry

In oceanic biogeochemistry, the solubility pump is a physico-chemical process that transports carbon (as dissolved inorganic carbon) from the ocean's surface to its interior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Solubility pump"

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