Geological processes Geological processes Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. The structure formed is called an alluvial deposit. Glaciers may also deposit alluvium, see glacial till. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alluvium"
Bioerosion describes the erosion of hard ocean substrates by living organisms by a number of mechanisms. Bioerosion can be caused by mollusks, polychaete worms, sponges, crustaceans, echinoids, and fish. It can occur on coastlines, on coral reefs, and on ships. Mechanisms of bioerosion include biotic boring, drilling, rasping, and scraping. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bioerosion"
Blowouts are sandy depressions in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by removal of material by wind. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blowout (geology)"
==Chemical Weathering== ...more on Wikipedia about "Building weathering"
Compaction is the process of a material being more closely packed together. A compactor is a device that performs compaction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Compaction"
Crystallization is a solid-liquid separation technique, or the process of formation of solid crystals from a homogeneous solution. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crystallization processes"
Deposition, also known as sedimentation, is the geological process whereby material is added to a landform. This is the process by which wind, water, or ice create a sediment deposit through the laying down of granular material that has been eroded and transported from another geographical location. ...more on Wikipedia about "Deposition (geology)" Please visit again http://www.shortopedia.com
In geology and oceanography, diagenesis is any chemical, physical, or biological change undergone by a sediment after its initial deposition and during and after its lithification, exclusive of surface alteration (weathering). These changes happen at relatively low temperatures and pressures and result in changes to the rock's original mineralogy and texture. Diagenesis is the lowest grade of metamorphism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Diagenesis"
Diluvium is a term in geology for superficial deposits formed by flood-like operations of water, and so contrasted with alluvium or alluvial deposits formed by slow and steady aqueous agencies. The term was formerly given to the boulder clay deposits, supposed to have been caused by the Noachian deluge. ...more on Wikipedia about "Diluvium"
Eolian (or aeolian) processes pertain to the activity of the winds. Winds may erode, transport, and deposit materials, and are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation and a large supply of unconsolidated sediments. Although water is much more powerful than wind, eolian processes are important in arid environments such as deserts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eolian"
Erosion is the displacement of solids ( soil, mud, rock, and other particles) by the agents of wind, water, ice, movement in response to gravity, or living organisms (in the case of bioerosion). Although the processes may be simultaneous, erosion is to be distinguished from weathering, which is the decomposition of rock. Erosion is an important natural process, but in many places it is increased by human land use. Some of those poor land use practices include deforestation, overgrazing and road or trail building. However, improved land use practices can limit erosion using techniques like terrace-building and tree planting. ...more on Wikipedia about "Erosion"
Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water; 'hydros' in the Greek meaning water and 'thermos' meaning heat. Hydrothermal circulation occurs most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within the Earth's crust. This generally occurs near volcanic activity, but can occur in the deep crust related to the intrusion of granite, or as the result of orogeny or metamorphism. Volcanic-related hydrothermal circulation occurs predominantly on the seafloor, and around volcanic edifices. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hydrothermal circulation"
Littoral drift (also called shore drift) is the constant flow of sand, gravel, and other sediments as they are dragged across the shoreline in a river-like path by the prevailing longshore current. Littoral drift drags these particles in a zig zag pattern along the shoreline as waves flow in and out at a diagonal angle. ...more on Wikipedia about "Littoral drift"
Metamorphism can be defined as the mineralogical, chemical and crystallographic changes in a solid-state rock, i.e. without melting, in response to new conditions of pressure and/or temperature and/or introduction of fluids. ...more on Wikipedia about "Metamorphism"
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Metasomatism is the chemical alteration of a rock by hydrothermal fluids. It is also known as "alteration". ...more on Wikipedia about "Metasomatism"
A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an uplifting of the ocean floor that occurs when convection currents beneath the ocean bed force magma up where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean and also by far the longest mountain range on Earth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mid-ocean ridge"
In chemistry, recrystallization is a procedure for purifying compounds. A typical situation is that a desired compound X is contaminated by a small amount of compound Y. A chemist can prepare a saturated solution of the mixture X+Y in a warm solvent and subsequently lower the temperature. For most compounds, the solubility decreases with decreasing temperature. If X is not soluble in the solvent at lower temperatures, and Y is soluble at lower temperatures, then X will precipitate as the temperature decreases, while Y stays in solution. The precitipate now has a much higher purity than the original mixture. The cost of this purification method is the loss of the part of compound X that stays in solution. ...more on Wikipedia about "Recrystallization"
The rock cycle is a fundamental concept in geology that describes the dynamic transitions through geologic time between the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. As the diagram to the right illustrates, each type of rock is altered or destroyed when it is forced out of its equilibrium conditions. A rock such as basalt, may break down and dissolve when exposed to the atmosphere, or melt as it is subducted under a continent. Due to the driving forces of the rock cycle, plate tectonics and the water cycle, rocks do not remain in equilibrium and are forced to change as they encounter new environments. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rock cycle"
The thermohaline circulation is a term for the global density-driven circulation of the oceans. Derivation is from thermo- for heat and -haline for salt, which together determine the density of sea water. Wind driven surface currents (such as the Gulf Stream) head polewards from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, cooling all the while and eventually sinking at high latitudes (forming North Atlantic Deep Water). This dense water then flows downhill into the deep water basins, only resurfacing in the northeast Pacific Ocean 1200 years later. Extensive mixing therefore takes place between the ocean basins, reducing differences between them and making the Earth's ocean a global system. On their journey, the water masses piggyback both energy (in the form of heat) and matter (solids, dissolved substances and gases) around the globe. As such, the state of the circulation has a large impact on the climate of our planet. ...more on Wikipedia about "Thermohaline circulation"
A transgression is a geologic event during which sea level rises relative to the land and the shoreline moves toward higher ground, resulting in coastal flooding. ...more on Wikipedia about "Transgression (geology)"
Weathering is the process of decomposition and/or disintegration of rocks, soils and their minerals through natural, chemical, and biological processes. It is not to be confused with erosion, which is the movement of rocks and/or weathering products by water, wind, ice or gravity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Weathering"
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Zeolite facies describes the mineral assemblage resulting from the pressure and temperature conditions of low-grade metamorphism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Zeolite facies"
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