Geology Geology (Geologic unit) A volume of rock or ice of identifiable origin and age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features ( facies) that characterize it. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geologic unit"
Geological engineering is the engineering science of applying engineering principals to geologic materials as part of the engineering design of facilties including roads, tunnels, and mines especially as related to minerals and mineral products. Some see it as a merging of the disciplines of geology and engineering and materials science, but, while it includes aspects of all, it has several specializations unique to the field. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geological engineering"
The Geological Society of America (or GSA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of the geosciences. The society was founded in New York in 1888 by James Hall, James D. Dana, and Alexander Winchell, and has been headquarted at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado since 1968. As of 2005, the society has over 18,000 members in more than 85 countries. The stated mission of GSA is "to advance the geosciences, to enhance the professional growth of its members, and to promote the geosciences in the service of humankind". Its main activities are sponsoring scientific meetings and publishing scientific literature, particularly the GSA Bulletin and the journal Geology. It also publishes a monthly newspaper, GSA Today. The society has six regional sections in North America and fifteen specialty divisions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geological Society of America"
The Geological Survey of Canada or GSC is part of the Earth Sciences Sector of Natural Resources Canada. GSC is called Commission géologique du Canada in French. GSC is responsible for performing geologic surveys of the country, developing Canada's natural resources and protecting the environment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geological Survey of Canada"
Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, "the earth") and λογος (logos, "word", "reason")) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It is one of the Earth sciences. Geologists have helped establish the age of the Earth at about 4.5 billion (4.5x109) years, and have determined that the Earth's lithosphere, which includes the crust, is fragmented into tectonic plates that move over a rheic upper mantle ( asthenosphere) via processes that are collectively referred to as plate tectonics. Geologists help locate and manage the earth's natural resources, such as petroleum and coal, as well as metals such as iron, copper, and uranium. Additional economic interests include gemstones and many minerals such as asbestos, perlite, mica, phosphates, zeolites, clay, pumice, quartz, and silica, as well as elements such as sulfur, chlorine, and helium. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology"
Of all the terrestrial planets in the Solar System, the geology of Mercury is the least understood. Reasons for this include Mercury's proximity to the Sun and the resultant dangers to spacecraft of intense solar radiation and high surface temperatures. Also, Mercury's period of rotation is a slow 58 Earth days, so that when NASA's Mariner 10 space probe flew past Mercury three times during 1974 and 1975, it was only able to observe the side facing the Sun during each pass. It is hoped that NASA's MESSENGER probe, launched in August 2004, will greatly contribute to our understanding when it enters orbit around Mercury in March 2011. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of Mercury"
*"Post-drilling analysis of the North Falkland Basin– part 1: tectono-stratigraphic framework", by Phil Richards and B. V. Hillier. Journal of Petroleum Geology, vol. 23(3), July 2000, pp. 253-272. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of the Falkland Islands"
The Geology of the Himalaya is a record of the most dramatic and visible creations of modern plate tectonic forces. The lofty Himalaya, which stretch over 2900 km along the border between India and Tibet, are the result of an ongoing orogeny, the result of a collision between two continental tectonic plates. This immense mountain range was formed by huge tectonic forces and sculpted by unceasing denudation processes of weathering and erosion. The Himalaya-Tibet region is virtually the water tower of Asia: it supplies freshwater for more than one-fifth of the world population, and it accounts for a quarter of the global sedimentatary budget. Topographically, the belt has many superlatives: the highest rate of uplift (nearly 1 cm/year at Nanga Parbat), the highest relief (8848 m at Mt. Everest Chomolangma), the source of some of the greatest rivers and the highest concentration of glaciers outside of the polar regions. This last feature earned the Himalaya its name meaning in Sanskrit: «the abode of the snow». ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of the Himalaya"
*Geology of National Parks: Fifth Edition, Ann G. Harris, Esther Tuttle, Sherwood D., Tuttle (Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing; 1997) ISBN 0-7872-5353-7 ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of the Lassen area"
The geology of the Moon (sometimes called selenology, although the latter term can refer more generally to "lunar science"), has a number of similarities to that of the Earth, particularly in terms of composition, but there are some substantial differences. The Moon lacks a significant atmosphere, eliminating erosion due to weather, it has a lower gravity, and it cooled more rapidly than the Earth. The complex morphology of the lunar surface has been formed by a combination of processes, chief among which are impact cratering, volcanism, and tectonics. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of the Moon"
In 1983, the Venera 15 and 16 acquired more precise radar images and altimetry data for the northern latitudes of the planet. This was the first use of synthetic aperture radar on Venus. The images had a 1–2 kilometre (0.6–1.2 mile) resolution. The altimetry data obtained by the Venera missions had a resolution four times better than Pioneers. Venera-15 and 16 returned images of far greater quality than earth-based radar images, showing relief and texture absent from range-doppler imaging. From a highly eccentric polar orbit, the spacecraft recorded survey strips from the north pole down to 30 degrees latitude, during a 16-minute pass. The remander of the 24-hour orbit permitted the transmission of the 8 megabytes of information. Venus rotates 1.48 degrees every 24 hours, allowing the entire polar cap to be scanned during the mission, from November 11 1983 to July 10, 1984. This collection of radio holograms were processed into image strips and maps by SIMD math co-processors on a computer at the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics in Moscow. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of Venus"
Geomechanics is the study of the engineering behaviour of soil and rock. The greek prefix Geo means Earth, and Mechanics looks at the behaviour of physical systems under the action of forces. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geomechanics"
Geomicrobiology is a science that combines geology and microbiology, and studies the interaction of microscopic organisms with their inorganic environment, such as in sedimentary rocks. The field is especially important when dealing with microorganisms in aquifers and public drinking water supplies. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geomicrobiology"
Geomorphology is the study of landforms, including their origin and evolution, and the processes that shape them. The underlying question is: Why do landscapes look the way they do? The term is derived from the Greek geo, meaning Earth, and morph, meaning form. Geomorphologists seek to understand landform history and dynamics, and predict future changes through a combination of field observation, physical experiment, and numerical modeling. The discipline is practiced within geology, geography, archaeology and civil and environmental engineering. Early studies in geomorphology are the foundation for pedology, one of two main branches of soil science. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geomorphology"
Geomythology is analysis of mythological stories to learn about geological events portrayed in them. Sometimes this gives very valuable information about old earthquakes, tsunamies, floods, etc. which are either scientifically not known or hard to know. These stories give scientists hints and clues about old unknown geological events which can then later on be analyzed and scietifically studied in detail. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geomythology"
A geophone is a device which converts ground movement (displacement) into voltage, which is recorded at a recording station. The deviation of this measured voltage from the base line is called the seismic response and is analysed for structure of the earth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geophone"
Geophysiology (Geo, earth + physiology, the study of living bodies) is the study of interaction among living organisms on the Earth operating under the hypothesis that the earth itself acts a single living organism (Gaia). ...more on Wikipedia about "Geophysiology"
The georeactor is a proposal by Dr. J. Marvin Herndon that a nuclear fission reactor may exist and operate at the Earth's core and serves as the energy source for the geomagnetic field. Dr. Herndon had earlier proposed the existence of fission reactors at the centers of large gaseous planets such as Jupiter. ...more on Wikipedia about "Georeactor"
Geostatistics applies the theories of stochastic processes and statistical inference to geographic phenomena. It was traditionally used in geo-sciences. Methods of geostatistics are used in petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geography, forestry, environmental control, landscape ecology, agriculture (esp. in precision farming) etc. Applications also exist in varied branches of human geography, particularly those involving the spread of disease ( epidemeology), the practice of commerce and military planning ( logistics), and the development of efficient spatial networks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geostatistics"
The geothermal gradient is the heating up of the Earth's top soil and rock layer the deeper you go down, for instance by descending into a cave or drilling a well. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geothermal gradient"
Glacial striations or glacial grooves are gouges or grooves cut into the bedrock by glacial ice and meltwater as it slowly ground its way along during one of the Earth's Ice Ages or by mountain glaciers. Striations usually occur as multiple, straight parallel lines representing the movement of the sediment loaded base of the glacier. Large amounts of gravel and boulders were carried along and provided the scouring power to cut these grooves into the bedrock. Fine sediments in the base of the moving glacier scoured and polished the bedrock. ...more on Wikipedia about "Glacial striations" This text is made on shortopedia
Hardscape, in the practice of ' landscaping, refers to the paved areas like streets & sidewalks, large business complexes & housing developments, and other industrial areas where the upper- soil-profile is no longer exposed to the actual surface of the Earth. It usually refers to heavily urbanized/ suburbanized areas that are basically nothing but miles upon miles of concrete with hardly any soil exposed to the Earth's surface because it has long since been paved over. Extremely large areas of hardscape can cause major problems with water runoff/ drainage after severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, typhoons, etc.; therefore, artificial methods of drainage must be utilized in order to carry off the massive volumes of water that would normally be mostly absorbed into the ground as groundwater. The water table in and around large areas of hardscape is usually very depleted because not enough rainwater is being absorbed into the soil of that area in order to help recharge the water table in that (usually urban) area. Such areas must then rely largely on "imported" freshwater from local or non-local lakes, reservoirs, dams, rivers, and streams. On the other hand, most homes in rural areas often use wells and springs as their primary source of freshwater because the local water table is being constantly recharged by the hydrologic cycle. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hardscape"
In physical geography and geology, a horst is the raised fault block bounded by normal faults. The raised block is a portion of the Earth's crust that has remained stationary while the land has sunk on either side of it or has been crushed by a mountain range against it. ...more on Wikipedia about "Horst"
(Hunter-Bowen orogeny) This article can use further research, images, etcetera. i acknowledge that, Rolinator ...more on Wikipedia about "Hunter-Bowen orogeny"
The Huronian glaciation was from 2400 mya to 2100 mya, during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods of the Paleoproterozoic era. ...more on Wikipedia about "Huronian"
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