Glaciology Glaciology An arête is a thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock. Arêtes are typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. An arete is the thin ridge of rock that is left separating the two valleys. Arêtes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. The word arête is actually French for fishbone; similar features in the Alps are described with the German equivalent term Grat. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arete (landform)"
The Beestonian stage is the name for an early Pleistocene glacial stage used in the British Isles. It preceded the Cromerian interglacial and is therefore in a similar sequential position to the Nebraskan glaciation in North America, the Günz glaciation in the Alps and the Eburonian glaciation in north Europe. It is named after Beeston Cliffs near West Runton in Norfolk where deposits from the period are preserved. ...more on Wikipedia about "Beestonian stage"
A Bergschrund (also called rimaye) is a crevasse positioned at the rear of a corrie next to the steep back wall. This is created when the rotational movement of a glacier in a corrie pulls ice away from the backwall thus leaving a gap. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bergschrund"
Blue ice occurs when snow falls on a glacier, is compressed, and becomes part of a glacier that winds its way toward a body of water (river, lake, ocean, etc.). During its travels, all of the air bubbles that are trapped in the ice are squeezed out, and the size of the ice crystals increases, making it clear. When you look through a large chunk of the ice, atomic absorption ffects and Rayleigh scattering make the ice appear blue. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blue ice (glacial)"
Boulder Glacier is located on the southeast slope of Mount Baker, a stratovolcano near the Pacific coast of North America in the Cascade Range of Washington. Boulder Glacier is the sixth largest on Mount Baker with an area of 3.4 km2 (Post et al. 1971). It flows from the summit crater between Grant Peak (10781 feet) and Sherman Peak (10140 feet) to about 5000 feet. It is noteworthy for receding 450 m between 1987 and 2005 leaving newly exposed rock and soil behind. ...more on Wikipedia about "Boulder Glacier"
The Bramertonian interglacial is the name for an early Pleistocene glacial stage used in the British Isles. It preceded the Pre-Pastonian glaciation and followed the Baventian stage at the end of the Pliocene era. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bramertonian Interglacial"
The Bull Lake Glaciation is a glacial period that began roughly 200,000 years ago and ended 130,000 years ago when several large sheets of ice moved down the Buffalo River valley from the north and from the Tetons in the west. The name Bull Lake Glaciation itself is derived from the well-preserved moraines found in the vicinity of Bull Lake near the Wind River Mountains. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bull Lake Glaciation"
A cirque is an amphitheatre-like valley of glacial origin, formed by glacial erosion at the head of the glacier. They are typically partially surrounded by steep cliffs The highest cliff is often called a headwall. They are also known as a cwm in Wales, a coomb in England and a corrie in Scotland and Ireland. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cirque (landform)"
In geography, a corrie, is a terrain feature created by glaciation in high mountains. The word is an anglicisation of the Gaelic word coire meaning hollow. It is known in Welsh as a cwm (often Anglicized as coomb, or coombe), and the French word cirque is used to denote a very similar geographical feature. ...more on Wikipedia about "Corrie"
A crag (sometimes spelled cragg, or in Scotland craig) is a rocky hill or mountain, generally isolated from other high ground. Crags are formed when a glacier or ice-sheet passes over an area that contains a particularly resilient chunk of rock (often a granite plug or some volcanic structure). The force of the glacier erodes the surrounding softer material, leaving the rocky block standing proud from the surrounding terrain. Frequently the crag serves as a partial shelter to softer material in the wake of the glacier, which remains as a gradual fan or ridge forming a tapered ramp (called the tail) up the leeward side of the crag. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crag and tail"
A crevasse is a crack or fissure in a glacier or snow field. Falling into a hidden crevasse (for example, one hidden by a layer of blown snow) is a mountaineer's worst nightmare. Falling into a visible crevasse is usually the result of an error in judgement. Anyone planning on walking on glaciers should be trained in crevasse rescue. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crevasse"
The Cromerian interglacial is a name for an interglacial period which occurred between 600,000 and 450,000 years ago. The name is used by British geologists and archaeologists who named it after the site of West Runton near Cromer in the English county of Norfolk where deposits it created were first found. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cromerian interglacial"
Dakshin Gangotri was India's first scientific base station situated in Antarctica. The name refers to the Gangotri Glacier which acts as the source for the river Ganges. 'Dakshin' is a Sanskrit / Hindi word meaning 'southern'. In addition, another base exists, called Maitri (Hindi for friendship). ...more on Wikipedia about "Dakshin Gangotri"
A drumlin (Gaelic druim the crest of a hill) is an elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. Drumlins may be more than 150 ft (45 m) high and more than 1/2 miles (0.8 km) long, and are often in drumlin fields of similarly shaped, sized and oriented hills. Drumlins usually have layers indicating that the material was repeatedly added to a core, which may be of rock or glacial till. ...more on Wikipedia about "Drumlin"
A drumlin field is a cluster of dozens to hundreds of similarly shaped, sized and oriented drumlins, also called a drumlin swarm. Drumlins are one type of landform that indicate continental ice sheet glaciation. The total depth of glacial deposits may be hundreds of feet deep. ...more on Wikipedia about "Drumlin field"
The Eemian interglacial era (known as the Sangamon era in North America, the Ipswichian interglacial in the UK, and the Riss-Würm interglacial in the Alps) is the second-to-latest interglacial era of the Ice Age. It began about 131,000 years ago. Changes in orbital parameters from today (greater obliquity and eccentricity, and perihelion occurring in Northern-hemisphere summer) lead to a greater seasonal cycle in temperature. The Eemian climate is believed to have been about as stable as the Holocene (see ice core), though warmer. The warmest peak of the Eemian was around 125,000 years ago, when forests reached as far north as North Cape (now tundra) in northern Norway. Hardwood trees like hazel and oak grew as far north as Oulu, Finland. Sea levels at that time were 5-8 meters higher than they were now, possibly indicating greater deglaciation than today (mostly from partial melting of the ice sheet of Greenland).( Aber 2004 ) Scandinavia was an island due to the inundation of vast areas of northern Europe and the West Siberian Plain. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eemian interglacial"
Eskers are long, winding ridges of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. They are frequently several miles in length and, because of their peculiar uniform shape, somewhat resemble railroad embankments. Eskers are the deposits left by streams which flowed within and under glaciers; after the retaining ice walls melt away, the stream deposits remain as long winding ridges. ...more on Wikipedia about "Esker"
Firn is partially-compacted névé, a type of snow that has been left over from past seasons and has been recrystallized into a substance denser than névé. It is ice that is at an intermediate stage between snow and glacial ice. Firn has the appearance of wet sugar, but has a hardness that makes it extremely resistant to shovelling. It generally has a density greater than 550 kg/m³ and is often found underneath the snow that accumulates at the head of a glacier. ...more on Wikipedia about "Firn"
A fjord (sometimes written fiord, notably in New Zealand English) is a glacially overdeepened valley, usually narrow and steep-sided, extending below sea level and filled with salt water. However, many fjords are called "canals", "inlets" and "sounds" even when they are fjord-like in character, e.g. Hood Canal and Burrard Inlet in North America's Pacific Northwest. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fjord"
Frazil ice is ice formed in turbulent supercooled water. In the ocean, it is a collection of loose, randomly oriented ice crystals formed below −1.8 °C. Frazil ice gives the ocean's surface a slightly oily appearance. It is the first stage in the formation of sea ice. ...more on Wikipedia about "Frazil ice"
Frost heaving (or frost heave) occurs when soil expands and contracts due to freezing and thawing. This process can damage plant roots through breaking or desiccation, cause cracks in pavement, and damage the foundations of buildings, even below the frost line. Moist, fine-grained soil at certain temperatures is most susceptible to frost heaving. ...more on Wikipedia about "Frost heaving"
Tell your friends about http://www.shortopedia.com
Giants kettle, also known as giants cauldrons or potholes, are cavities or holes which appear to have been drilled in the surrounding rocks by eddying currents of water-bearing stones, gravel and other detrital matter. The size varies from a few inches to several feet in depth and diameter. The commonest occurrence is in regions where glaciers exist or have existed; a famous locality is the GletscherGarten of Lucerne, where there are 32 giants kettles, the largest being 26 ft. wide and 30 ft. deep; they are also common in Germany, Norway and in the United States. It appears that water, produced by the thawing of the ice and snow, forms streams on the surface of the glacier, which, having gathered into their courses a certain amount of morainic debris, are finally cast down a crevasse as a swirling cascade or moulin. The sides of the crevasse are abraded, and a vertical shaft is formed in the ice. The erosion may be continued into the bed of the glacier; and, the ice having left the district, the giants kettle so formed is seen as an empty shaft, or as a pipe filled with gravel, sand or boulders. Such cavities and pipes afford valuable evidence as to the former extent of glaciers. Similar holes are met with in riverbeds at the foot of cascades, and under some other circumstances. The term pothole is also sometimes used synonymously with swallow-hole. ...more on Wikipedia about "Giants kettle"
A Glacial erratic is a piece of rock carried by glacial ice some distance from the rock outcrop from which it came. Erratics can range in size from pebbles to massive pieces such as the Okotoks (16,500 tons) and Airdrie erratics found in Alberta, Canada. They can be found miles away from their original location. Geologists identify erratics by studying the rocks surrounding the position of the erratic and the rock of the erratic itself. ...more on Wikipedia about "Glacial erratic"
A glacial horn (or, if unambiguous from context, simply a horn) is a mountain formed by glacial erosion. When three or more glaciers erode cirques into the same bedrock, a typical pyramidal peak remains at the junction of the cirques. That peak is a glacial horn. ...more on Wikipedia about "Glacial horn"
A glacial lake is a lake with origins in a melted glacier. ...more on Wikipedia about "Glacial lake" Made by www.shortopedia.com. shortopedia
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the Wikipedia . Direct links to the original articles are in the text.
If you use exact copy or modified of this article you should preserve above paragraph and put also : It uses material from
the Shortopedia article about "Glaciology".
| MAIN PAGE | MAIN INDEX | CONTACT US |