Grammatical cases Grammatical cases In linguistics, the Abessive case is a noun case expressing the lack and absence of something. In English language, the corresponding function is carried out by the preposition "without". The name is derived from the Latin word abesse ("to be absent or away"). The case is found mainly in Finno-Ugric languages but can also be seen in Caucasian ones. In the latter, it receives the name of Caritive case. ...more on Wikipedia about "Abessive case"
In linguistics, the ablative case is a noun case found in several languages, including Armenian, Latin, Sanskrit and the Finno-Ugric languages. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ablative case"
In ergative-absolutive languages, the absolutive is the grammatical case used to mark both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb. It contrasts with the ergative case, which marks the subject of transitive verbs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Absolutive case"
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. The same case is used in many languages for the objects of (some or all) prepositions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Accusative case"
In the Finnish language, Estonian language and Hungarian language the adessive case is the fourth of the locative cases with the basic meaning of "on". For example, Estonian laud (table) and laual (on the table), Hungarian asztal and asztalon (on the table). It is also used as an instrumental case in Finnish. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adessive case"
In the Finnish language, the Allative case is the fifth of the locative cases, with the basic meaning of "onto". Its ending is -lle, for example pöytä (table) and pöydälle (onto the top of the table). In addition, it is the logical complement of the adessive case for referring to "being around the place". For example, koululle means "to the vicinity of the school". With time, the use is the same: ruokatunti (lunch break) and ... lähti ruokatunnille ("... left to the lunch break"). ...more on Wikipedia about "Allative case"
The Comitative case is used where English would use "in company with" or "together with". It, and many other cases, are found in the Finnish language, the Hungarian language, and the Estonian language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Comitative case"
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. The name is derived from the Latin dativus, meaning "appropriate to giving". The thing being given may be a tangible object—such as "a book" or "a pen"—or it may be an intangible abstraction, such as "an answer" or "help". The dative generally marks the indirect object of a verb, although in some instances, the dative is used for the direct object of a verb pertaining directly to an act of giving something. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dative case"
The dedative case (also referred to as respective) is a grammatical case invented by J. R. R. Tolkien in his constructed language Quenya (the Elvish tongue of Tolkien's Lord of the Rings). It is supposed to convey the idea of being related to something. It is not clear if it is strictly used with prepositions, transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, or if it has a general application. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dedative case"
The delative case in the Hungarian language can originally express the movement from the surface of something (eg. "off the table"), but it is used in several other meanings (eg. "about people"), some of them related to the original (eg. "from the post office"). ...more on Wikipedia about "Delative case"
The disjunctive case is a grammatical case in French, where (like other cases) it has a distinct form only for pronouns. ...more on Wikipedia about "Disjunctive case"
In Finnish, this case is rare and even rarer in singular. Its ending is -ttain/-ttäin. The basic meaning is "separately for each". For example, maa "country" becomes maittain for an expression like Laki ratifioidaan maittain., or "The law is ratified separately in each country". It can be used to distribute the action to frequent points in time, e.g. päivä (day) has the plural distributive päivittäin (each day). ...more on Wikipedia about "Distributive case"
Elative is a locative case with the basic meaning "out of". ...more on Wikipedia about "Elative case"
In ergative-absolutive languages, the ergative case identifies the subject of a transitive verb. In such languages, the ergative case is typically marked (most salient), while the absolutive case is unmarked. New work in case theory has vigorously supported the idea that the ergative case identifies the agent (intentful doer of action) of a verb (Woolford 2004). Furthermore, the agent has been shown to have a fixed location in which it is base-generated in the specifier of a light-verb projection within X-bar theory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ergative case"
The essive or similaris case carries the meaning of a temporary state of being, often equivalent to the English "as a...". ...more on Wikipedia about "Essive case"
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. In a more general sense, this genitive relationship may be thought of as one thing belonging to, being created from, or otherwise deriving from some other thing. (The relationship is usually expressed by the preposition of in English.) The term possessive case refers to a case that is similar, though usually more restricted in usage, to the genitive. ...more on Wikipedia about "Genitive case"
Illative is, in the Finnish language, Estonian language and the Hungarian language, the third of the locative cases with the basic meaning of "into (the inside of)". ...more on Wikipedia about "Illative case"
Inessive case is a locative grammatical case. This case carries the basic meaning of "in": for example, "in the house" is "talo·ssa" in Finnish, "maja·s" in Estonian, "etxea·n" in Basque, and "ház·ban" in Hungarian. ...more on Wikipedia about "Inessive case"
In the Finnish language, the instructive case has the basic meaning of "by means of". It is a comparatively rarely used case, though it is found in some commonly used expressions, such as "omin silmin" -> "with one's own eyes". ...more on Wikipedia about "Instructive case"
In linguistics, the instrumental case indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept. ...more on Wikipedia about "Instrumental case"
This is a list of cases as they are used by various inflectional languages that have declension. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of grammatical cases"
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The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun, which generally marks the subject of a verb (as opposed to its object or other verb arguments). ...more on Wikipedia about "Nominative case"
Nota accusativi ( Latin for "signal of the accusative (case)") is a grammatical term meaning "denoting accusative case". It generally is applied to linguistic indicators of the accusative case, such as the use of the prefix "et" in Hebrew, for nouns in the accusative, which are indicated by use of the definite article (i.e. "the"). ...more on Wikipedia about "Nota accusativi"
In linguistics (or generally in the linguistic sciences), an oblique case (Lat. casus generalis) is a noun case of analytic languages that is used generally when a noun is the predicate of a sentence or a preposition. An oblique case can appear in any case relationship except the nominative case of a sentence subject or the vocative case of direct address. ...more on Wikipedia about "Oblique case"
The partitive case is a grammatical case which denotes "partialness", "without result", or "without specific identity". ...more on Wikipedia about "Partitive case"
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