Hematology Hematology Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is a measure of the number of neutrophil granulocytes (also known as polymorphonuclear cells, PMN's, polys, granulocytes, segmented neutrophils or segs) present in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that fights against infection. A defficiency of neutrophils, known as neutropenia, may increase chances of infection. ...more on Wikipedia about "Absolute neutrophil count"
Acquired pure red cell aplasia (or PRCA) refers to a type of anemia affecting the precursors to red blood cells but not to white blood cells. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acquired pure red cell aplasia"
Activated protein C resistance is a hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). This results in an increased risk of venous thrombosis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Activated protein C resistance"
African iron overload, formerly known as Bantu siderosis, is an iron overload disorder first observed among people of African descent in Southern Africa. Originally, this was blamed on ungalvanised barrels used to store home-made beer, which led to increased oxidation and increased iron levels in the beer. Further investigation has shown that only some people drinking this sort of beer get an iron overload syndrome, and that a similar syndrome occurred in people of African descent who have had no contact with this kind of beer (e.g., African Americans). This led investigators to the discovery of a gene polymorphism in the gene for ferroportin, which predisposes some people of African descent to iron overload. ...more on Wikipedia about "African iron overload"
AIDS-related lymphoma describes lymphomas occurring in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS). ...more on Wikipedia about "AIDS-related lymphoma"
Aminocaproic acid (marketed as Amicar) is a drug used to treat bleeding disorders. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aminocaproic acid"
Ann Arbor staging is the staging system for lymphomas, both in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It was initially developed for Hodgkin's, but has some use in NHL. It has roughly the same function as TNM staging in solid tumors. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ann Arbor staging" www.shortopedia.com - forget the rest. shortopedia
Apheresis ( Greek: "to take away") is a medical technology in which the blood of a donor or patient is passed through an apparatus that separates out one particular constituent and returns the remainder to the circulation. While being related to it, it is distinct from dialysis, which does not separate directly but rather uses osmosis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apheresis"
Argatroban is an anticoagulant that is a small molecule direct thrombin inhibitor. In 2000, argatroban was licensed by the FDA for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In 2002, it was approved for use during percutaneous coronary interventions in patients who have or at risk for developing HIT. ...more on Wikipedia about "Argatroban"
The Arneth count or Arneth index describes the nucleus of a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil in an attempt to detect disease. Neutrophils typically have two or three lobes. In general, older neutrophils have more lobes than younger neutrophils. The Arneth count determines the percentage of neutrophils with one, two, three, four, and five or more lobes. Individuals who have a larger percentage of neutrophils with fewer lobes have a left shift which can be indicative of disease processes such as infection. Individuals with a larger percentage of neutrophils with more lobes have a right shift and most commonly have diseases such as vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. The Arneth count is not commonly used in modern medicine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arneth count"
Asplenia refers to the absence ('a-') of normal spleen function and is associated with some risks. Asplenia may be congenital ( congenital asplenia), or acquired through surgery ( splenectomy) or through processes that destroy the spleen, generally through its function to filter the blood and therefore referred to as autosplenectomy (eg spherocytosis and sickle-cell disease). ...more on Wikipedia about "Asplenia"
Auer rods are seen in the leukemic blasts of acute myelogenous leukemia. Auer rods are clumps of azurophilic granular material that form elongated needles seen in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts. They are composed of fused lysosomes and contain peroxidase, lysosomal enzymes, and large crystalline inclusions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Auer rods"
An autosplenectomy occurs when a disease damages the spleen to such an extent that it is non-functioning and so equivalent to the spleen having been surgically removed ( splenectomy). This may occur in sickle-cell disease and spherocytosis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Autosplenectomy"
Azurophil is referred to the readily staining with an azure dye. Used especially in reference to certain cytoplasmic granules in white blood cells, particularly hyperchromatin and reddish purple granules of certain blood cells. ...more on Wikipedia about "Azurophil"
In medicine ( hematology), a bleeding diathesis is an unusual susceptibility to bleeding ( hemorrhage) due to a defect in the system of coagulation. Several types are distinguished, ranging from mild to lethal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bleeding diathesis"
A blood film or peripheral blood smear is a slide made from a drop of blood, that allows the cells to be examined. Blood films are usually done to investigate hematological problems (disorders of the blood itself) and, occasionally, to look for parasites within the blood such as malaria and filaria. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blood film"
Blood flow is the flow of blood in the cardiovascular system. It is described by the Darcy's law (the fluid equivalent of Omh's law) and approximately by Hagen- Poiseuille's law (because it is accurate only for Newtonian fluids, while blood is not Newtonian and its flow can be described as laminar only in smaller vessels, elsewhere it is turbulent). The upper equation is Darcy's law, you get the Hagen-Poiseuille's law if you insert the lower in it (it is also written in its own article, see link above): ...more on Wikipedia about "Blood flow"
Blood tests are laboratory tests done on blood to gain an appreciation of disease states and the function of organs. Since blood flows throughout the body, acting as a medium for providing oxygen and other nutrients, and drawing waste products back to the excretory systems for disposal, the state of the bloodstream affects, or is affected by, many medical conditions. For these reasons, blood tests are the most commonly performed medical tests. Blood is obtained from a patient by venipuncture, except for tests such as Arterial blood gas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blood test"
Blood transfusion is the taking of blood or blood-based products from one individual and inserting them into the circulatory system of another. It can be considered a form of organ transplant. Blood transfusions may treat medical conditions, such as massive blood loss due to trauma, surgery, shock and where the red cell producing mechanism (or some other normal and essential component) fails (see blood diseases). ...more on Wikipedia about "Blood transfusion"
The Blue Fugates are an extended family from the Appalachian Mountains famous for having a high occurence of the rare disorder methemoglobinemia. The patriarch of the family, Martin Fugate, settled near Hazard, Kentucky circa 1800. His wife was a carrier of the recessive methemoglobinemia (met-H) gene, as was a nearby clan with whom the Fugates intermarried. As a result many descendants of the Fugates were born with met-H. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blue Fugates"
Bone marrow suppression is a serious side effect of chemotherapy and certain drugs affecting the immune system such as azathioprine. The risk is especially high in chemotherapy for leukaemia. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bone marrow suppression"
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Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure in the field of hematology and oncology that involves transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). It is most often performed for people with diseases of the blood or bone marrow, or certain types of cancer. Bone marrow transplantation was pioneered in the 1970's by E. Donnall Thomas whose work was later recognized with a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Dr. Thomas' work showed that bone marrow cells infused intravenously could repopulate the bone marrow and produce new blood cells. His work also reduced the likelihood of developing a life-threatening complication called Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However it remains a risky procedure and it is reserved for patients with life threatening diseases. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bone marrow transplant"
Burkitt's lymphoma (or "Burkitt's tumor", or "Malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type") is a type of cancer that is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, also the cause of mononucleosis as well as other cancers. It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, a surgeon who first described the disease in 1956 while working in equatorial Africa. ...more on Wikipedia about "Burkitt's lymphoma"
A chloroma is a solid tumor composed of immature white blood cells called myeloid precursor cells. They are most often found in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) but may be found in other myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera, hypereosinophilia, and myeloid metaplasia. Chloromas get their name from the Greek chloros (meaning green) since these tumors often have a green tint due to the presence of myeloperoxidase. Chloromas may be seen under the skin, around the eyes, or in the mouth. They are often very tender. Treatment is usually radiation therapy as chloromas are exquisitely sensitive to low doses of radiation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chloroma"
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (or "chronic lymphoid leukemia") CLL, is a cancer in which too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cells) are produced. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
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